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Design of Precision Adjustable DC Standard Source Based on PWM
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摘要: 在高精度测试仪表直流输出校准、精密测量、计量系统研制领域，需要研究直流标准源精度及分辨率提升策略，实现精密可调直流标准源国产化。研制了一种精密可调直流标准源，采用双路PWM合成的分压调控方式，实现输出直流电压0.1 µV的分辨率；通过温度补偿、精密倒相、无漂移滤波和电流补偿技术达到了输出4 ppm不确定度的指标，并编写了补偿校正算法以提高输出精度。通过实验测试验证，所开发的直流标准源长期工作稳定可靠，可以满足高性能直流基准使用需求。Abstract: In the field of high-precision DC output calibration of testing instruments and the development of precision measurement and measuring systems, it is essential to investigate strategies for improving the accuracy and resolution of DC standard sources and achieving the localization of precision adjustable DC standard sources. This paper presents the development of a precision adjustable DC standard source that uses a dual Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) synthesis voltage division regulation mode to achieve a resolution of 0.1 µV for the output DC voltage. By utilizing temperature compensation, precise phase inversion, drift-free filtering, and current compensation technology, the standard source was able to achieve an output uncertainty index of 4 ppm. Furthermore, a compensation correction algorithm was developed to improve the output accuracy. Experimental results confirm that the developed DC standard source operates reliably and stably over extended periods, making it suitable for high-performance DC reference requirements.
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Key words:
- PWM /
- DC reference /
- dual-channel synthesis /
- precision /
- standard source
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图 1 基于PWM的精密可调直流标准源方案
Figure 1. Scheme of precision adjustable DC standard source based on PWM
图 2 双路PWM合成电阻衰减网络
Figure 2. Dual-channel PWM synthesized resistance attenuation network
图 3 高精度可调直流标准源系统简化结构图
Figure 3. Simplified structure diagram of high precision adjustable DC standard source system
图 4 高精度可调直流标准源系统等效结构图
Figure 4. Equivalent structure diagram of high precision adjustable DC standard source system
图 7 精密储能反相电路原理图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of precision energy storage inverting circuit
图 8 精密储能反相电路噪声分析
Figure 8. Noise analysis of precision energy storage inverting circuit
图 10 低噪声无漂移低通滤波器噪声分析
Figure 10. Noise analysis of low-noise drift-free low-pass filter
图 11 +7V直流标准电流自适应补偿电路
Figure 11. +7V DC standard current adaptive compensation circuit
表 1 基准芯片指标对比
Table 1. Reference chip index comparison
型号 温度系数(ppm/℃) 年漂移(ppm/kh) 电压(V) LM385 50 60 2.5 LM399 0.5 60 6.95 AD584 2 80 10 MAX6350 0.5 80 2.5 LTFLU-1 5 1 6.7 ADR291 3 50 2.5 TL431 0.3 50 2.5～36 
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表 2 补偿校正前后测试
Table 2. Test results before and after compensation calibration
设定 校正前输
出值/V校正前输
出误差/V校正后输
出值/V校正后输
出误差/V−7 −6.9987789 0.0012211 −7.0000036 −3.6E-06 −6 −5.9987229 0.0012771 −6.000000 0 −5 −4.9986662 0.0013338 −4.9999985 1.5E-06 −4 −3.9986109 0.0013891 −3.9999973 2.7E-06 −3 −2.9985538 0.0014462 −3.0000025 −2.5E-06 −2 −1.9984921 0.0015079 −2.0000027 −2.7E-06 −1 −0.9984921 0.0015621 −1.0000008 −8E-07 0 0.0016057 0.0016057 0.0000067 6.7E-06 1 1.0016577 0.0016577 1.0000044 4.4E-06 2 2.0017112 0.0017112 2.0000051 5.1E-06 3 3.0017602 0.0017602 3.0000048 4.8E-06 4 4.0018105 0.0018105 4.000006 6E-06 5 5.0018625 0.0018625 5.000006 6E-06 6 6.0019111 0.0019111 6.0000051 5.1E-06 7 7.001954 0.001954 7.0000048 4.8E-06
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