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Calibration Research of Digital Recorders for Impulse Measurements
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摘要: 为保障冲击电压和冲击电流测量系统的准确可靠，探究和量化冲击用数字记录仪对于冲击测量结果的影响，数字记录仪量程的选择对于测量结果产生的影响以及系统的评价数字记录仪性能。介绍了冲击用数字记录仪的校准方法和校准步骤，阐述了冲击用数字记录仪的校准原理，论证了校准装置的技术指标和校准可行性。提出量程选择对数字记录仪影响的试验方案，并在此基础上展开了实验论证。以商用高精度数字记录仪PXI-5124、PXIe-5164和PXIe-5172进行试验，试验结果表明，量程对于测量误差的影响呈现规律性。对于同一电压，数字记录仪使用的量程越大，其峰值误差越大，时间参数误差越小。分析并给出了三台数字记录仪在峰值和时间参数测量中，表现较好的量程。给出了数字记录仪的不确定度计算方法，在0.84/60波形下，对PXIe-5164的10V量程进行不确定度评定，其中Ut的扩展不确定度(k=2)为0.15%；T1的扩展不确定度(k=2)为2.1%；T2的扩展不确定度(k=2)为0.51%。实质性地评价了数字记录仪的性能和测量特性，对冲击测量系统中数字记录仪的不确定度值贡献成分进行了评定，完善了冲击测量系统理论与应用需求。Abstract: This study aims to ensure the accuracy and reliability of voltage and current measurement systems used in impulse testing by examining and quantifying the impact of digital recorders on impulse measurement outcomes. It focuses on the influence of range selection in digital recorders and evaluates their performance within these systems. The paper outlines calibration methods, procedures, and principles for impulse-specific digital recorders, discussing the technical specifications and calibration device feasibility. The study also proposes an experimental approach to evaluate the effect of range selection on digital recorders, using high-precision models PXI-5124, PXIe-5164, and PXIe-5172. Results reveal a consistent relationship between measurement range and error: larger ranges result in greater peak errors but reduced time parameter errors. Optimal measurement ranges for peak and time parameter accuracy are identified for each recorder. Furthermore, a methodology to calculate recorder uncertainty is presented. For the PXIe-5164 at a 10V range, under a 0.84/60 waveform, the expanded uncertainty (k=2) was determined: Ut at 0.15%, T1 at 2.1%, and T2 at 0.51%. This research thoroughly assesses digital recorder performance, their role in the uncertainty of impulse measurement systems, and contributes to enhancing both the theoretical and practical aspects of these systems.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- digital recorders /
- impulse measurement system /
- impulse voltage calibrator /
- impulse voltage /
- calibration /
- uncertainty
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图 1 脉冲发生器的典型等效电路和校准器头
Figure 1. Typical equivalent circuit and calibrator heads of pulse generator
图 2 冲击测量软件的设置和采集界面
Figure 2. Setup and acquisition interface for impulse measurement software
图 3 校准系统的组成框图和实物图
Figure 3. Block diagram and physical layout of the calibration system
表 1 各数字记录仪参数
Table 1. Parameters of each digital recorder
参数型号 PXI-5124 PXIe-5164 PXIe-5172 d/MHz 150 400 100 ƒs/(MS/S) 200 1000 250 N/bit 12 14 14 
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表 2 各数字记录仪峰值误差
Table 2. Peak error of each digital recorder
% 极性 波形 PXI-5124 PXIe-5164 PXIe-5172 正 1.56/60 0.03 −0.02 −0.08 正 0.84/60 0.11 −0.15 −0.11 负 1.56/60 0.08 −0.10 −0.04 负 0.84/60 0.04 −0.26 −0.16
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表 3 各数字记录仪时间误差
Table 3. Time error of each digital recorder
% 极性 波形 PXI-5124 PXIe-5164 PXIe-5172 T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 正 1.56/60 −0.46 0.17 −0.61 −0.27 −0.32 −0.21 正 0.84/60 −0.73 −0.13 −0.92 −0.34 −0.83 −0.32 负 1.56/60 −0.25 0.05 −0.52 −0.17 −0.34 −0.25 负 0.84/60 −0.89 −0.18 −0.94 −0.22 −0.72 −0.36
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表 4 输入范围和垂直偏移范围
Table 4. Input range and vertical offset range
V PXI-5124 PXIe-5164 PXIe-5172 Input Range (V p-p ) / Vertical Offset Range (V) 0.2 ±0.1 0.25 ±5 0.2 ±0.5 0.4 ±0.2 0.5 ±5 0.7 ±0.5 1 ±0.5 1 ±5 1.4 ±0.5 2 ±1 2.5 ±10 5 ±4.5 4 ±2 5 ±10 10 ±4.5 10 ±5 10 ±10 40 ±20 20 / 25 ± 50 80 0
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表 5 峰值误差多次测量结果
Table 5. Multiple measurement results of peak error
测量序号 校准仪峰值/V 记录仪峰值/V 测量误差/V 1 9.9846 9.9602 0.2446 2 9.9846 9.9660 0.1871 3 9.9846 9.9755 0.0909 4 9.9846 9.9656 0.1906 5 9.9846 9.9744 0.1025 6 9.9846 9.9660 0.1870 7 9.9846 9.9679 0.1679 8 9.9846 9.9736 0.1101 9 9.9846 9.9769 0.0769 10 9.9846 9.9725 0.1214 平均值 9.9846 9.9709 0.1372
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表 6 测量不确定度分量
Table 6. Components of measurement uncertainty
不确定度分量 T1/μs T2/μs u1 0.00025 0.011 u2 0.0003 0.003 u3 0.0084 0.15 u4 0.00042 0.03
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