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Design and Verification of a New Sound-Absorbing Composite Board
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摘要: 为了解决实验室环境噪音过大的问题，研究开发了一种新型吸声复合板材。板材为穿孔板-三聚氰胺泡沫-沥青阻尼层-离心玻璃棉-刚性背衬（内含骨架）的复合结构，在100～5000 Hz频率段内具有不低于0.6的吸声系数。首先引入Biot理论建立了声波随机入射情况下复合板材传声特性模型，并通过有限元实现了仿真结果的运算。继而将试做的样品放置在混响室内测试吸声系数。测试结果与仿真结果趋势一致，证实了模型的可行性。最后将吸声复合板应用到广州计量检测技术研究院热工实验室的环境噪声整治工程中，成功将室内噪声A计权声压级由79.8 dB 降低至64.1 dB ，再次证实了新型吸声复合板材的高吸声性。Abstract: To address the issue of excessive environmental noise in laboratories, a new type of sound-absorbing composite board was developed. The board has a composite structure consisting of a perforated plate, melamine foam, an asphalt damping layer, glass wool, and a rigid backing (including a skeleton). It exhibits a sound absorption coefficient of no less than 0.6 in the frequency range of 100-5000 Hz. Firstly, Biot's theory was introduced to establish the sound transmission model of the composite board under random incidence of sound waves, and finite element methods were employed to compute the simulation results. Subsequently, a sample of the board was placed in a reverberation room to test its sound absorption coefficient. The test results were consistent with the simulation results, confirming the feasibility of the model. Finally, the sound-absorbing composite board was applied in the environmental noise control project of the Guangzhou Institute of Metrology's thermal laboratory, successfully reducing the indoor noise A-weighted sound pressure level from 79.8 dB to 64.1 dB, further validating the high sound absorption performance of the new sound-absorbing composite board.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- random incidence /
- sound absorption coefficient /
- melamine foam /
- skeleton /
- sound transmission model
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图 1 声波入射到多孔弹性介质（内含龙骨架）
Figure 1. Acoustic wave incident on porous elastic media (including skeleton)
图 3 复合板材1#吸声系数仿真结果
Figure 3. Simulation results of the sound absorption coefficient for composite board 1#
图 5 复合板材2#吸声系数仿真结果
Figure 5. Simulation results of the sound absorption coefficient for composite board 2#
图 6 吸声系数测试结果与仿真结果
Figure 6. Sound absorption coefficient results from tests and simulations
表 1 室内噪声声压级测量结果
Table 1. Results of sound pressure level measurements in the laboratory
倍频程带的中心频率 /Hz 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 总值 改造前室内A计权声压级 / dB 63.4 64.2 68.8 62.7 59.5 58.5 53.2 48.1 79.8 改造后室内A计权声压级 / dB 46.7 48.9 52.4 47.8 43.6 42.7 38.9 35.9 64.1 
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