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Advancements in Carbon Reduction and Metrology Technologies in Response to China's Dual Carbon Goals
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摘要: 温室气体过度排放导致极端天气、自然灾害频发，低碳发展已成为必然趋势，中国于2020年提出“碳达峰”与“碳中和”（“双碳”）的战略目标推进低碳发展。双碳战略目标实施以来，我国在“1+N”政策体系引领下，碳减排工作已取得一定的成效。为兼顾经济高质量发展，顺利实现双碳目标仍面临较大的压力。对降碳技术及计量技术在双碳工作中的应用现状进行分析并总结出研究重点，为缓解实现双碳目标的压力提供相关建议。从降低温室气体增温潜能、减少辐射强迫、控制碳排放等角度对国内外降碳技术进行研究分析，总结出降碳技术的研究重点应为研制安全可靠的清洁替代能源。计量技术在我国双碳各项工作及保证碳排放数据具有国际可比性中占据重要的支撑地位，研究了计量技术在相关工作如温室气体监测、碳排放核算、低增温潜能气体研制及温室气体国际比对中的应用进展。指出建立温室气体的监测溯源的计量体系、增强碳排放计量方法的研究、充分利用不确定度评定在各项工作中的作用均为研究重点，尤其需重视计量技术在研制低增温潜能化学品中的发展应用。在温室气体国际比对工作中，解决基质气体造成的测量偏差、准确测量原料气中所含目标杂质气体的浓度仍为今后国际比对工作的研究难点及重点。Abstract: The excessive emission of greenhouse gases has led to a surge in extreme weather events and natural disasters, necessitating a shift to low-carbon development. In 2020, China set forth the strategic dual carbon goals of 'carbon peaking' and 'carbon neutrality' to foster low-carbon growth. Since the implementation of these goals, guided by the '1+N' policy framework, China has made significant strides in carbon emission reduction. However, balancing high-quality economic growth while striving to meet these dual carbon objectives remains a formidable challenge. This paper analyzes the current application of carbon reduction and metrology technologies in achieving these goals, summarizing key research areas to alleviate the pressures associated with their realization. The study encompasses both domestic and international carbon reduction technologies, focusing on lowering greenhouse gas warming potentials, reducing radiative forcing, and controlling carbon emissions. A primary research focus identified is the development of safe, reliable clean alternative energy sources. Metrology technology plays a crucial role in supporting China’s dual carbon initiatives and ensuring that carbon emission data align with international standards. The paper explores the progress of metrology technology in areas such as greenhouse gas monitoring, carbon emission accounting, low global warming potential (GWP) gas development, and international greenhouse gas comparisons. Key research directions include establishing a metrology system for greenhouse gas monitoring and traceability, enhancing carbon emission metrology methods, and leveraging uncertainty assessment in various tasks. Special attention is required for the development and application of metrology technology in formulating low GWP chemicals. Challenges such as resolving measurement biases due to matrix gases and accurately measuring target impurity gas concentrations in feed gases are highlighted as critical areas for future international greenhouse gas comparison efforts.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- carbon peaking /
- carbon neutrality /
- carbon emissions /
- greenhouse gas
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表 1 主要温室气体的GWP及浓度升高所产生总辐射强迫的贡献率
Table 1. GWP and contribution rate of total radiative forcing caused by concentration increase of the major greenhouse gases
气体名称 GWP RF/（W·m−2） 辐射强迫贡献率 CO2 1 1.49～1.83 66% CH4 25 0.43～0.53 16% N2O 298 0.14～0.18 7% SF6 22800 0.31～0.37 11% PFCs 7390～12200 HFCs 124～14800 
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