柴油化学组成与主要理化性质的相互作用关系概述

丁超民; 张正东; 杜彪; 王桂萱; 刘帆; 李琪; 李轲

doi:10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2023.0259

柴油化学组成与主要理化性质的相互作用关系概述

doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2023.0259

丁超民^{1, 2,},
张正东¹,
杜彪³,
王桂萱³,
刘帆¹,
李琪¹,
李轲^1, ,

1.
中国计量科学研究院，北京 100029
2.
大连海事大学，大连 116026
3.
北京易兴元石化科技有限公司，北京 101301

基金项目: 国家市场监督管理总局市场监管技术保障专项项目（2023YJ03）；国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目（2021MK153）；中国计量院基本科研业务费项目（AKYZZ2131、AKYZZ2332）。

详细信息

作者简介:
丁超民（1998-），大连海事大学硕士研究生，研究方向：光谱快速检测及计量技术研究，邮箱：dingchaomin1998@163.com

通讯作者:
李轲（1990-），中国计量科学研究院副研究员，研究方向：光谱快速检测及计量技术研究，邮箱：like@nim.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-03
- 录用日期: 2023-12-07
- 修回日期: 2023-12-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-22

Overview of the Interaction Between the Chemical Composition and the Main Physicochemical Properties of Diesel Fuel

DING Chaomin^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Zhengdong¹,
DU Biao³,
WANG Guixuan³,
LIU Fan¹,
LI Qi¹,
LI Ke^{1
, ,}

1.
National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
2.
Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
3.
Beijing Yixingyuan Petrochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101301, China

摘要

摘要: 为降低柴油在使用过程中对环境的污染，并且推动汽车行业向更环保、更高效的方向发展，我国柴油质量已经逐步完成从国Ⅳ到国Ⅵ的升级，标准对柴油的品质要求愈来愈严格。质量的升级对车用柴油的理化性质产生了直接的影响，而柴油的化学组成又决定其理化性质。因此探究柴油化学组成与理化性质的关系，既可帮助燃油生产商更合理的优化柴油配方以满足更高的质量要求，亦可帮助用户结合自身需求选择柴油产品以提高柴油利用率并减少环境污染。综述了柴油的化学组成与密度、十六烷值、润滑性、低温流动性、含硫化合物、含氮化合物以及脂肪酸甲酯的内在关系，可以为柴油调和与质量升级提供理论基础，亦能够为能源可持续发展和环境保护提供有益参考。
- 计量学 /
- 柴油 /
- 化学组成 /
- 理化性质 /
- 质量升级
Abstract: In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the use of diesel fuel, and to promote the development of the automotive industry in the direction of more environmental protection and efficiency, China’s diesel quality has completed the upgrade from China Ⅳ to China Ⅵ, with increasingly stringent requirements on the physicochemical properties of diesel within the standards. The quality upgrade has a direct impact on the physicochemical properties of diesel fuel, which in turn is determined by its chemical composition. Therefore, investigating the relationship between the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of diesel fuel can help fuel producers to optimise diesel fuel formulations to meet higher quality requirements, and can also help users to choose diesel fuel products in accordance with their own needs in order to improve diesel fuel utilisation and reduce environmental pollution. This study reviews the intrinsic relationship between the chemical composition of diesel fuel and density, cetane number, lubricity, low temperature fluidity, sulfur-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and fatty acid methyl esters. This study provides a theoretical basis for diesel blending and quality upgrading, as well as a useful reference for sustainable energy development and environmental protection.
- metrology /
- diesel /
- chemical composition /
- physicochemical properties /
- quality upgrading

HTML全文

图 1 FAME的分类

Figure 1. Classification of FAME

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生物柴油中常见的FAME种类及含量

Table 1. The common types and contents of FAME in biodiesel

生物柴油	月桂酸	肉豆蔻酸	棕榈酸	硬脂酸	油酸	亚油酸	亚麻酸
生物柴油	C_12:0	C_14:0	C_16:0	C_18:0	C_18:1	C_18:2	C_18:3
大豆	0.1	0.2	10.5	3.8	23.7	54.5	6.3
麻疯树	0.12	0.1	13.2	6.11	43.86	35.4	0.3
油菜籽	0.1	0.2	1.07	1.55	62.24	20.61	8.72
米糠	0	0	18.8	2.4	43.1	33.2	0.6
卡兰贾树	0	0	10.6	6.8	49.4	19	0.3
废弃食用油	0	0	13	4	24	52	0.2
鸡脂肪油	0	0	22.2	5.1	42.5	19.3	1
罗望子种子	0	1.59	12.67	15.93	47.48	18.34	0.63

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 FAME对生物柴油性质的影响

Table 2. Effect of FAME on the properties of biodiesel

性质	影响	Ref
十六烷值	CN与链长、不饱和度以及羟基化程度密切相关。生物柴油的十六烷值随着SFAME含量增加而增加，随着UFAME的含量增加而降低。	^[49]
低温流动性	CFPP则随着长链SFAME的含量和链长的增加而增加，随着UFAME的含量和不饱和度增加而降低。	^[50]
低温流动性	FAME碳链越长、熔点越高，低温性能也就越差。	^[51]
运动黏度	FAME的饱和度越大，相应的运动黏度就越高。	^[52]
热值	热值随着FAME分子量的增加而增加，随着不饱和度的增加而减少。	^[53]
密度	密度随着FAME相对分子量的减少和不饱和度的增加而增加。	^[54]
润滑性	含有杂原子的分子的润滑性：O>N>S>C。含氧基团增强润滑性的顺序为：COOH>CHO>OH>COOCH₃>C=0>C-O-O。	^[55]
氧化安定性	不饱和度越高，稳定性越差。	^[56]

下载: 导出CSV

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