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Research on Calibration Method of Vector Hydrophone Sensitivity in Small Water Tank
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摘要: 水听器的接收灵敏度是衡量其声学性能的重要指标。随着低频大尺度矢量水听器的出现，常规驻波管因尺寸的限制无法进行矢量水听器的校准工作；消声水池由于边界条件的限制，采用脉冲声技术无法在时域上将低频信号的直达波与反射波分离。针对这两种情况，研究了在小水箱中基于暂态信号的矢量水听器自由场灵敏度测量方法。以单谐振压电发射器在正弦脉冲信号激励下谐振频率点处的辐射面振动位移解析解为基础，对接收信号暂态部分与稳态部分幅值之间的关系进行了分析，同时利用有限元软件，以水声测试中常用的发射器为例，通过模态分析、谐响应分析以及瞬态分析，仿真分析了利用暂态信号进行矢量水听器灵敏度测试时，声源的选择和接收点的位置，并利用搭建的实验平台，在小水箱中利用比较法完成了对矢量水听器声压灵敏度的测量。该测量方法克服了空间尺寸的影响，扩展了有限空间内矢量水听器的测量频率下限。Abstract: The reception sensitivity of hydrophones is a crucial indicator of their acoustic performance. The advent of low-frequency, large-scale vector hydrophones presents new challenges: conventional standing wave tubes cannot calibrate these devices due to size constraints, and anechoic water tanks, with their boundary conditions, fail to separate direct and reflected waves of low-frequency signals using pulse sound technology. Addressing these issues, this paper investigates a method for free field sensitivity measurement of vector hydrophones using transient signals in small water tanks. Based on the analytical solution of surface vibration displacement of a single resonant piezoelectric transmitter under sinusoidal pulse signal excitation, the relationship between transient and steady-state signal amplitudes is analyzed. Finite element software is used for modal, harmonic response, and transient analysis, considering commonly used transmitters in hydroacoustic testing. This simulation studies the choice of sound source and receiver location for vector hydrophone sensitivity testing using transient signals. An experimental setup in a small water tank measures the hydrophone's acoustic pressure sensitivity using a comparison method. This approach overcomes spatial limitations and extends the lower frequency measurement limit for vector hydrophones in confined spaces.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- small water tank /
- transient signals /
- standing wave field /
- receiving sensitivity /
- vector hydrophone
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图 3 圆面活塞发射器在水中的导纳曲线
Figure 3. Admittance curve of a circular piston transmitter in water
图 4 用圆面活塞发射器发射信号得到的接收信号与理论值归一化误差分析
Figure 4. The normalized error of the received signal obtained by the transmitted signal with the circular
图 6 用球形发射器发射信号得到的接收信号与理论值归一化误差分析
Figure 6. The normalized error of the received signal obtained by the spherical transmitter and
图 7 用圆管发射器发射信号得到的接收信号与理论值归一化误差分析
Figure 7. Normalized error analysis between received signal from circular tube transmitter and theoretical value
图 9 用复合棒发射器发射信号得到的接收信号与理论值归一化误差分析
Figure 9. Normalized error analysis of received signal from composite rod transmitter against theoretical value
图 10 带螺栓预紧力的复合棒发射器发射信号得到的接收信号与理论值归一化误差分析
Figure 10. Normalized error analysis of received signal from composite rod transmitter with bolt preload against theoretical value
图 11 小水箱中矢量水听器灵敏度测量系统
Figure 11. Sensitivity measurement system for vector hydrophones in small water tanks
图 12 收发换能器信号时域图
Figure 12. Time domain diagram of transmitting and receiving transducer signals
表 1 基于暂态信号的矢量水听器灵敏度测量结果
Table 1. Sensitivity measurement results of vector hydrophones based on transient signals
频率/Hz 每半个周期处作为参考值计算矢量水听器自由场灵敏度测量结果 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3900 −178.69 −177.90 −178.01 −178.18 — — — 4000 −178.61 −177.57 −177.79 −178.15 — — — 4060 −178.44 −177.25 −177.66 −177.90 — — — 4100 −178.44 −177.36 −177.70 −177.82 — — — 4200 −178.26 −177.90 −177.36 −177.88 — — — 4300 −178.63 −177.76 −177.73 −177.56 −177.77 — — 4400 −178.47 −178.35 −177.32 −177.92 −177.58 — — 4500 −179.14 −178.31 −177.43 −177.83 −177.48 — — 4600 −179.43 −178.40 −177.54 −177.71 −177.26 — — 4700 −179.66 −178.48 −177.48 −177.45 −177.41 — — 4800 −179.22 −178.84 −177.10 −177.66 −177.15 — — 4900 −179.45 −178.45 −177.35 −177.20 −176.79 — — 5000 −179.12 −178.60 −177.07 −177.29 −176.50 — — 5100 −179.04 −178.47 −176.93 −177.22 −176.57 — — 5200 −178.93 −178.35 −176.62 −177.33 −176.28 — — 5300 −178.79 −178.16 −176.36 −177.31 −176.23 — — 5400 −178.93 −177.79 −176.39 −177.14 −176.41 −176.17 — 5500 −178.73 −177.66 −176.35 −177.07 −176.51 −176.09 — 5600 −178.68 −177.59 −176.30 −177.28 −176.21 −175.92 — 5700 −178.62 −177.60 −176.48 −177.1 −176.37 −175.86 — 5800 −178.53 −177.73 −176.56 −177.02 −176.42 −175.71 — 5900 −178.46 −177.84 −176.72 −176.92 −176.58 −175.88 — 6000 −178.48 −177.97 −176.87 −176.63 −176.60 −176.07 — 6100 −178.55 −178.11 −177.14 −176.59 −176.62 −176.31 — 6200 −178.67 −178.21 −177.34 −176.64 −176.34 −176.67 — 6300 −178.57 −178.37 −177.62 −176.5 −176.51 −176.48 −177.49 6400 −178.54 −178.57 −178.05 −179.40 −176.40 −176.58 −177.71 6500 −178.54 −178.63 −178.58 −176.21 −176.36 −176.81 −177.79 6600 −178.56 −178.89 −178.84 −176.39 −176.01 −177.41 −177.60 6700 −178.33 −179.22 −179.54 −177.12 −176.65 −178.46 −178.27 6800 −178.53 −179.19 −179.59 −176.70 −175.82 −178.12 −177.76 6900 −178.46 −179.37 −179.89 −177.21 −176.21 −178.20 −178.25 7000 −178.50 −179.49 −180.02 −178.40 −176.39 −178.70 −178.39 
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