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Evaluation of Sampling Efficiency in Respirable Dust Samplers Based on the Aerodynamic Method
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摘要: 呼吸性粉尘是指空气动力学当量直径在7.1 μm以下，可随着呼吸进入人肺部的粉尘，这类粉尘对人身体健康有害，是尘肺病的来源之一，需要严格监测其浓度。呼吸性粉尘采样器是煤炭行业常用的呼吸性粉尘浓度测量仪前端的重要零部件，其采样效能是指粉尘透过采样器前级分离装置的能力，是评价呼吸性粉尘采样器的重要指标之一。基于呼吸性粉尘采样器原理，提出了一种基于空气动力学法的采样头采样效能检测方法，并搭建了检测装置，对几种型号的进口和国产产品进行检测。与现行检测标准相比，该方法步骤简单，可直接溯源到空气动力学粒径谱仪的粒径和浓度，检测周期短，时间至少缩短98%，且重复性好，不受繁琐的采样、洗脱、溶液荧光定值等步骤的影响，大大降低了检测成本。检测结果表明，6个型号的采样头只有1个符合要求，急需提高产品质量。Abstract: Respirable dust, defined as particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than 7.1 μm that can enter the human lungs during breathing, poses significant health risks and is a source of pneumoconiosis. Its concentration requires stringent monitoring. The respirable dust sampler, a crucial component at the front end of dust concentration measuring instruments in the coal industry, has its efficiency determined by the ability of dust to pass through its pre-separation device. This study introduces a novel detection method for sampling efficiency based on the aerodynamic method, accompanied by a newly developed detection device. This method was applied to test various imported and domestic products. Compared to current standards, this method simplifies the process, directly traces particle size and concentration to the aerodynamic particle size spectrometer, significantly reduces the detection cycle by at least 98%, and offers good repeatability. It is not affected by complex steps like sampling, elution, and solution fluorescence determination, thereby greatly reducing detection costs. Testing revealed that only one out of six models of sampling heads met the required standards, highlighting the urgent need for quality improvement in these products.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- respirable dust sampler /
- aerodynamic method /
- sampling efficiency /
- evaluation system /
- curve fitting
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图 2 亚利桑那超细粉尘的粒径分布谱图
Figure 2. Particle size distribution spectrum of ultrafine Arizona dust
图 3 进口呼吸性粉尘采样器及BMRC曲线
Figure 3. Imported respirable dust sampler and BMRC (British Medical Research Council) efficiency curves
图 4 进口呼吸性粉尘采样器的采样效能曲线
Figure 4. Efficiency curves of imported respirable dust samplers
图 5 评价的2款国产呼吸性粉尘采样器的采样效能曲线
Figure 5. Efficiency curves of two evaluated domestic respirable dust samplers
表 1 进口呼吸性粉尘采样器评价结果
Table 1. Performance evaluation of imported respirable dust samplers
粒径/μm ≥7.1 5.9 5 3.9 2.2 结论 标准要求 采样效能/% 0.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 90.0 / 允许误差/% ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 进口型号1 采样效能/% 4.9 15.3 29.3 67.1 89.8 2个点不合格 误差/% 4.9 −14.7 −20.7 −2.9 −0.2 进口型号2 采样效能/% 1.8 15.9 41.2 68.8 88.9 2个点不合格 误差/% 1.8 −14.1 −8.8 −1.2 −1.1 进口型号3 采样效能/% 4.6 12.3 27.3 41.2 61.6 4个点不合格 误差/% 4.6 −17.7 −22.7 −28.8 −28.4 进口型号4 采样效能/% 1.1 28.8 53.7 74.5 85.1 合格 误差/% 1.1 −1.2 3.7 4.5 −4.9 
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表 2 国产呼吸性粉尘采样器评价结果
Table 2. Performance evaluation of domestic respirable dust samplers
粒径/μm ≥7.1 5.9 5 3.9 2.2 结论 标准要求 采样效能/% 0.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 90.0 / 允许误差/% ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 ±5.0 国产型号1 采样效能/% 10.8 24.2 47.9 77.3 98.2 4个点不合格 误差/% 10.8 −5.8 −2.1 7.3 8.2 国产型号2 采样效能/% 53.3 63.8 80.9 94.6 99.8 5个点不合格 误差/% 53.3 33.8 40.9 24.6 9.8
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