大口径宽温区真空黑体辐射源的研制

周晶晶; 郝小鹏; 宋健; 郭国瑞; 刘志壹; 徐春媛

doi:10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2024.0044

大口径宽温区真空黑体辐射源的研制

doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2024.0044

1.
中国计量科学研究院，北京 100029
2.
河南师范大学，新乡 453007

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFF0610801）。

详细信息

作者简介:
周晶晶（1994-），中国计量科学研究院助理研究员，研究方向：红外遥感辐射定标，邮箱：zhoujj@nim.ac.cn

通讯作者:
郝小鹏（1980-），中国计量科学研究院研究员，研究方向：红外遥感定标与计量技术研究，邮箱：haoxp@nim.ac.cn

中图分类号: TB941
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-23
- 录用日期: 2024-03-12
- 修回日期: 2024-03-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-17

Development of a Vacuum Blackbody Radiation Source with Large Aperture and Wide Temperature Range

1.
National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
2.
Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China

摘要

摘要: 真空黑体辐射源是红外遥感载荷地面实验室辐射定标的重要仪器。为满足红外遥感载荷向着大口径、宽温区范围、高定量化发展趋势，研制了300 mm口径、160～380 K温度范围、发射率为0.9975的大口径真空黑体辐射源。介绍了大口径宽温区真空黑体辐射源的工作原理及结构设计，开展了黑体的发射率计算和热学仿真模拟。测试了黑体在真空低温工况下160～380 K温度范围的底部温度均匀度和波动度，结果表明底部温度均匀度优于0.120 K，控温温度波动度优于0.031 K/30 min；基于控制环境辐射的发射率测量方法测量了黑体空腔发射率，并利用真空低背景红外亮温标准装置测量了黑体的光谱辐射亮温，在10 μm波长辐射亮温合成标准不确定度为0.04 K@160 K，0.099 K@280 K，0.095 K@380 K，0.122 K@380 K。大口径宽温区真空黑体辐射源能够满足红外遥感载荷地面实验室辐射定标需求，支撑我国红外遥感定量化水平的提升。
- 计量学 /
- 真空黑体辐射源 /
- 红外遥感 /
- 辐射定标 /
- 大口径宽温区 /
- 发射率
Abstract: Vacuum blackbody radiation sources are crucial instruments for the radiometric calibration of infrared remote sensing payloads in ground laboratories. To meet the trend of infrared remote sensing payloads towards larger apertures, wider temperature ranges, and higher quantification, a vacuum blackbody radiation source with a 300 mm aperture, a temperature range of 160–380 K, and an emissivity of 0.9975 was developed. This paper introduces the working principle and structural design of the large aperture and wide temperature range vacuum blackbody radiation source. It includes the calculation of emissivity and thermal simulation of the blackbody. The uniformity and stability of the bottom temperature of the blackbody within the 160–380 K range under vacuum low-temperature conditions were tested. The results show that the bottom temperature uniformity is better than 0.120 K and the temperature control stability is better than 0.031 K/30 min. The blackbody cavity emissivity was measured using a method based on controlling environmental radiation, and the spectral radiance temperature was measured using a vacuum low-background infrared radiance temperature standard device. The combined standard uncertainties of the radiance temperature at 10 μm were 0.044 K@160 K, 0.099 K@280 K, 0.095 K@380 K, 0.122 K@380 K. The developed vacuum blackbody radiation source with a large aperture and wide temperature range can meet the radiometric calibration requirements of infrared remote sensing payloads in ground laboratories, supporting the enhancement of China's quantitative level of infrared remote sensing.
- metrology /
- vacuum blackbody radiation source /
- infrared remote sensing /
- radiation calibration /
- large diameter wide temperature zone /
- emissivity

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图 1 黑体结构图

Figure 1. The structure diagram of the blackbody

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图 2 黑体控温结构设计

Figure 2. The temperature control structure design of the blackbody

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图 3 黑体控温逻辑

Figure 3. The temperature control logic of the blackbody

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图 4 四棱锥阵列发射率计算模型

Figure 4. The calculation model for emissivity of pyramid arrays

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图 5 黑体发射率计算模型

Figure 5. The calculation model for emissivity of blackbody

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图 6 温度均匀度仿真结果

Figure 6. The simulation results of temperature uniformity

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图 7 黑体发射率测试结果

Figure 7. The test results of blackbody emissivity

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图 8 真空光谱发射率测试结果

Figure 8. The vacuum spectral emissivity test results of blackbody

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图 9 黑体热学测试安装示意图

Figure 9. The installation diagram of blackbody thermal testing

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图 10 黑体底部测温点分布示意图

Figure 10. Distribution diagram of temperature measurement points at the bottom of the blackbody

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图 11 黑体温度曲线

Figure 11. The temperature stability curve of blackbody

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图 12 黑体控温320 K光谱辐射亮温曲线

Figure 12. The spectral radiance temperature curve at 320 K

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表 1 真空黑体辐射源研究统计

Table 1. Research statistics on vacuum blackbodies

名称	尺寸	发射率	温度范围
VTBB100黑体	口径20 mm，腔深250 mm	优于0.9997	100～450 K
VMTBB黑体	口径20 mm	优于0.9994	400～700 K
IASI定标黑体	/	0.996	291～299 K
100～400 K真空黑体	口径30 mm，腔深315 mm	0.9998	100～400 K
H500型真空黑体	口径92 mm	0.9965	180～493 K
大口径面源黑体	口径400 mm× 400 mm	0.992	200～400 K

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表 2 黑体各部件及材料列表

Table 2. List of blackbody parts and materials

黑体部件名称	所用材料
底部辐射体、侧壁辐射体	铝
隔热壳体、口部光阑	聚四氟乙烯
黑体支撑架	不锈钢
铜辫	铜

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表 3 不同腔深的黑体发射率结果

Table 3. Emissivity results of blackbody with different cavity depths

内径及光阑尺寸	腔深/mm	黑体发射率
内径350 mm，光阑300 mm	300	0.9981
	350	0.9985
	400	0.9988
	450	0.9990
	500	0.9991

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表 4 黑体辐射面温度均匀度仿真条件

Table 4. Simulation conditions for temperature uniformity of blackbody radiation surface

参数项	数值
黑体底部辐射面发射率	0.99
黑体侧壁辐射面发射率	0.96
多层发射率	0.15
环境温度	100 K
黑体温度	160～380 K
铜辫温度	150 K
3个加热分区	均匀功率加热

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表 5 黑体温度均匀度

Table 5. The temperature uniformity of the blackbody 单位：K

控温点	底部温度均匀度	整体温度均匀度
160	0.011	0.079
200	0.017	0.098
240	0.014	0.060
280	0.021	0.107
320	0.024	0.175
380	0.041	0.341

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表 6 黑体温度均匀度和波动度测试结果

Table 6. The temperature uniformity and stability test results of the blackbody 单位：K

控温点	波动度	底部温度均匀度
160	0.003	0.041
200	0.012	0.091
240	0.015	0.095
280	0.031	0.094
320	0.014	0.094
380	0.010	0.121

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表 7 黑体在10 μm波长辐射亮温不确定度分析

Table 7. The uncertainty analysis of the radiance temperature at 10 μm 单位：K

不确定度分量	控温温度点
不确定度分量	160	280	320	380
u₁₁	0.014	0.004	0.004	0.004
u₁₂	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
u₁₃	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005
u₁₄	0.003	0.031	0.014	0.010
u₁₅	0.041	0.094	0.094	0.121
u₁	0.044	0.099	0.095	0.122
u₂	0.001	0.003	0.004	0.006
u₃	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
u_c	0.044	0.099	0.095	0.122

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