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Study on Scale Frequency Measurement and Temperature Influence of Total Station
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摘要: 全站仪是集成测距、测角和坐标测量的高精度测量仪器，在基础设施建造和大地测量等领域均具有广泛且重要的应用。其中，测尺频率的变化是全站仪测距乘常数的主要来源，是关联仪器测距特性的基本参量，能够从本质上表征测量仪器的测距乘常数水平。通过研制全站仪测尺频率的自动测量系统，利用能够参考至高精度频率标准的测量技术实现对全站仪测尺频率的实时动态测量。同时，基于研制的全站仪测尺频率自动测量系统，通过控制环境温度的方式，对全站仪测尺频率的温度特性进行了深入研究。对进一步评价全站仪测距性能，明确全站仪检定校准过程中测距乘常数来源具有重要意义。Abstract: The total station is a high-precision measuring instrument that integrates distance measurement, angle measurement, and coordinate measurement, playing a crucial role in infrastructure construction and geodetic surveying. Among its various parameters, changes in measuring scale frequency are the main source of distance measurement scale error. This parameter is fundamental to understanding the distance measurement characteristics of the instrument and can essentially characterize the scale error. This paper reports on the development of an automatic measurement system for the total station scale frequency, utilizing high-precision frequency measurement technology referenced to an atomic clock for real-time dynamic measurement. Furthermore, using the developed automatic measurement system, an in-depth study was conducted on the temperature characteristics affecting the scale frequency by controlling the ambient temperature. This research is significant for further evaluating the distance measurement performance of total stations and for identifying the sources of distance multiplication constant errors during calibration and verification processes.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- total station /
- scale frequency /
- distance measurement scale error /
- temperature influence
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图 1 全站仪测尺频率自动测量系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of automatic measurement system for total station measuring scale frequency
图 2 全站仪测尺频率自动测量系统的硬件系统
Figure 2. Hardware system of total station measuring scale frequency automatic measurement system
图 4 全站仪测尺频率自动测量软件
Figure 4. The software of total station scale frequency automatic measurement
图 5 全站仪测尺频率温度影响测试中温度传感器布置情况
Figure 5. Total station ranging frequency temperature main test temperature sensor installation situation
图 6 温控箱20℃～25℃和25℃～30℃升温及稳定情况
Figure 6. Temperature control box temperature rise and stability at 20℃～25℃ and 25℃～30℃
图 7 全站仪1#和全站仪2#的温度影响测量实验
Figure 7. Temperature drift measurement experiments for total station 1# and total station 2#
图 8 全站仪1#在不同温度下测尺频率的温度影响
Figure 8. The temperature drift of the scale frequency of total station 1# measured at different temperatures
图 9 全站仪2#在不同温度下测尺频率的温度影响
Figure 9. The temperature drift of the scale frequency of total station 2# measured at different temperatures
表 1 全站仪1#的测尺频率与温度变化相关性
Table 1. Correlation between measuring scale frequency and temperature change of total station 1#
平均温度（℃） Pearson相关系数 −4.32 −0.92 5.94 −0.94 16.59 −0.68 37.60 −0.92 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 全站仪2#的测尺频率与温度变化相关性
Table 2. Correlation between measuring scale frequency and temperature change of total station 2#
平均温度（℃） Pearson相关系数 −5.77 0.38 4.05 0.78 14.34 −0.93 34.98 −0.22
下载: 导出CSV
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