作者投稿
专家审稿
编辑办公
Research on Photovoltaic Metrology at the National Institute of Metrology, China: A Review
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摘要: 光伏发电是最有前途的可再生清洁能源技术之一，而中国已成为世界上最大的光伏产品生产国、应用国和出口国。准确可靠地测量光伏产品的光电性能参数，对光伏领域相关的科学研究和产业发展至关重要。基于中国计量科学研究院建立的量值溯源和传递体系，我国光伏领域实现了关键参数的量值有效溯源和传递。综述了我国光伏领域量值溯源传递链的研究和建立情况，即从相关的最高标准——低温辐射计到终端应用光伏产品，并对下一阶段的研究进行展望。Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is one of the most promising renewable and clean energy technologies, and China has become the world's largest producer, user, and exporter of photovoltaic products. Accurate and reliable measurement of the photoelectric performance parameters of PV products is critical for their scientific research and industrial development. Based on the traceability and dissemination system established by the National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM), China's photovoltaic industry has achieved effective traceability and dissemination of key quantities. This article reviews the research and establishment of the traceability and dissemination chain for China's photovoltaic industry, from the highest relevant standard, the cryogenic radiometer, to terminal PV products, and provides prospects for the next stage of research.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- photovoltaic /
- traceability /
- dissemination /
- photo-electric performance
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图 2 根据IEC 60904-4执行光伏量值传递的主要路径
Figure 2. Main routes for photovoltaic metrology dissemination according to IEC 60904-4
图 3 基于激光（上图）和单色仪（下图）的低温辐射计基准装置照片
Figure 3. Photos of the cryogenic radiometer based on lasers (above) and a monochromator (below)
图 4 光电探测器校准标准装置的示意图和照片。
Figure 4. Schematic diagram and photo of the standard equipment for photodetector calibration
图 5 标准太阳电池原级标定标准装置示意图和照片
Figure 5. Schematic diagram and photo of the standard equipment for primary calibration of reference solar cells
图 6 光伏电池I-V 特性测量系统的照片
Figure 6. Photo of the photovoltaic cell I-V characteristic measurement system
图 7 光伏组件光谱响应度和光电性能参数测量系统示意图和照片。
Figure 7. Schematic diagrams and photos of the spectral responsivity and photoelectric parameter measurement systems for PV modules
图 8 基于绝对辐射计的太阳辐照度校准装置
Figure 8. Calibration facility for solar irradiance based on an absolute radiometer
图 9 光伏系统能效测量装置示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of a PV system energy efficiency measurement device
图 11 新型薄膜光伏电池测量程序示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the measurement procedure for new-type thin-film photovoltaic cells
图 12 2014年1月至2023年12月，中国计量院光伏计量实验室测量的最高效率值
Figure 12. The highest efficiency values measured by NIM’s PV metrology lab from January 2014 to December 2023
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