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Study on Calibration Results of Thermistor-Type Power Sensors
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摘要: 热敏电阻型功率计采用直流替代的方法测量微波、毫米波功率，为了补偿环境温度变化对测量带来的影响，功率计通常具备测量电桥和补偿电桥，以双电桥模式进行测量。用微量热计型功率基准定标被校同轴热敏电阻型功率传感器时，不能因为环境温度稳定而单独使用测量电桥，为了保证定标结果的有效性，在基准定标中不仅需要对环境温度进行补偿，还需要对双元件误差导致的陶瓷芯温度变化进行补偿。实验表明，在18 GHz、10 mW电平定标时，分别使用单、双电桥功率计测得N型同轴热敏电阻功率传感器的替代功率偏差为0.38%。波导热敏电阻型功率传感器为单元件结构，定标其有效效率时不需要考虑单、双电桥测量问题。Abstract: Thermistor-type power meters use DC substitution to measure microwave and millimeter wave power. To compensate for environmental temperature changes, these power meters typically employ both measurement and compensation bridges, operating in a dual-bridge mode. When calibrating a coaxial thermistor-type power sensor using a microcalorimeter power standard, the measurement bridge alone cannot be used, even with stable environmental temperatures. To ensure valid calibration results, both environmental temperature compensation and ceramic core temperature variation compensation (due to dual-element errors) are necessary. Experiments show that at 18 GHz and 10 mW power level, the substituted power deviation for an N-type coaxial thermistor power sensor is 0.38% when measured with single versus dual-bridge power meters. For waveguide thermistor-type power sensors with single-element structures, calibrating effective efficiency does not require consideration of single versus dual-bridge measurement issues.
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图 1 N型同轴热敏电阻型功率传感器示意图及主要部件拆分图
注：① RF输入组件；② 均温铜块内部陶瓷芯结构：放置两个测量RF功率的热敏电阻元件和两个温度补偿热敏电阻元件；③ 均温铜块；④ 焊接引线的印制板；⑤ 直流偏置连接器接头。
Figure 1. Schematic diagram and main component disassembly of N-type coaxial thermistor-type power sensor
图 2 同轴热敏电阻型传感器陶瓷芯部件图和陶瓷芯部件等效原理图
注：Rrf（Rrf = R1 + R2）和 Rcomp（Rcomp = Rcomp1 + Rcomp2）分别为工作端电阻和补偿端电阻。
Figure 2. Ceramic core component diagram and equivalent structure schematic of coaxial thermistor-type sensor
图 3 直流替代时同轴热敏电阻型传感器的等效电路图
Figure 3. Equivalent circuit diagram of N-type coaxial thermistor-type sensor during DC substitution
图 4 波导热敏电阻型功率传感器示意图及主要部件拆分图
注：① RF输入组件； ② 均温铜片：内含一个热敏电阻珠；③ 补偿端电阻固定铜块：内含一个热敏电阻珠；④ 直流偏置连接器接头。
Figure 4. Schematic diagram and main component disassembly of waveguide thermistor-type power sensor
图 5 波导热敏电阻型功率传感器中热敏电阻珠位置图和 波导口横截面图
Figure 5. Thermistor bead position and waveguide port cross-section in waveguide thermistor-type power sensor
图 6 功率计双电桥电路图，上图为射频电桥电路图，下图为补偿电桥电路图
Figure 6. Power meter dual-bridge circuit diagram: RF bridge circuit (top) and compensation bridge circuit (bottom)
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