一种基于单定向耦合器的净馈入功率测量方法

林浩宇; 黄攀; 谢晶; 刘志鹏

doi:10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2024.0083

一种基于单定向耦合器的净馈入功率测量方法

doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2024.0083

中国计量科学研究院，北京 100029

基金项目: 质量技术基础能力建设（ANL2306）

详细信息

作者简介:
林浩宇（1986-），中国计量科学研究院副研究员，研究方向：场强及电磁兼容计量技术研究、场强标准装置研制，邮箱：linhy@nim.ac.cn

中图分类号: TB973
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-13
- 录用日期: 2024-04-07
- 修回日期: 2024-04-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-17

A Net Power Measurement Method Based on a 3-Port Directional Coupler

National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决无线电计量领域中的净馈入功率测量问题，提出了一种基于单定向耦合器且考虑失配修正的净馈入功率测量方法，并开展了不确定度评定。首先，根据微波网络理论并结合单定向耦合器信号流图，推导出了净馈入功率表达式；其次，开展了两项测量实验以验证所提出的测量方法，实验结果表明，利用该方法计算净馈入功率其典型误差不超过0.1 dB，且受阻抗失配影响较小。实验同时还证明了该方法适用于电场探头校准，能够减小由于净馈入功率测量误差所导致的标准场误差。最后，利用蒙特卡罗法进行了不确定度评定，结果表明利用该方法测量净馈入功率，其典型标准不确定度小于1.3%。该净馈入功率测量方法具有精度高、计算过程简便等优点，在以场强计量为代表的无线电计量领域中有着良好的应用前景。
- 计量学 /
- 单定向耦合器 /
- 净馈入功率测量 /
- 失配修正 /
- 精密测量 /
- 不确定度
Abstract: To address the issue of net power measurement in the field of radio frequency (RF) metrology, a method based on a 3-port directional coupler with mismatch correction is proposed, and the associated uncertainty evaluation is performed. First, the net power calculation equation is rigorously derived using microwave network theory according to the signal flow graph. Second, two experiments are conducted to validate this method. The results show that when using the proposed method to calculate the net power, the typical error is less than 0.1 dB, and it is less affected by impedance mismatch. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is suitable for electric field (E-field) probe calibration, as it can reduce the standard E-field strength error caused by the net power measurement. Finally, the uncertainty is evaluated using the Monte Carlo method, and the results indicate that the typical relative standard uncertainty is less than 1.3% when measuring net power using this method. The proposed net power measurement method has the advantages of high accuracy and a simple calculation process, and it has good application prospects in the field of RF metrology, particularly in E-field strength metrology.
- metrology /
- 3-port directional coupler /
- net power measurement /
- mismatch correction /
- precision measurement /
- uncertainty

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图 1 双定向耦合器示意图

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the dual directional coupler

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图 2 单定向耦合器的信号流图

Figure 2. The signal flow graph for a 3-port directional coupler

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图 3 实验（a）布置图

Figure 3. The arrangement of experiment (a)

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图 4 不同测量方法所得到的净馈入功率的测量误差

Figure 4. The measurement errors of the net power calculated using different methods

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图 5 各功率探头的反射系数以及双定向耦合器的方向性

Figure 5. The reflection coefficients (RCs) of the power sensors and the directivity of the coupler

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图 6 实验（b）系统原理图

Figure 6. The schematic diagram of experiment (b)

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图 7 GTEM室输入端口处的实验布置情况

Figure 7. The experiment arrangement at the input port of the GTEM cell

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图 8 GTEM室内部的实验布置情况

Figure 8. The experiment arrangement in the GTEM cell

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图 9 两次测量得到的电场强度及相对误差

Figure 9. The measured E-field strength and the relative deviation

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表 1 所有频点的不确定度评定结果

Table 1. The uncertainty evaluation results at all the frequency points

Fre.(GHz)	Mean(W)	Std(W)	u_rel
1	0.0799	0.0010	1.20%
2	0.0802	0.0010	1.20%
3	0.0800	0.0010	1.20%
4	0.0806	0.0010	1.20%
5	0.0798	0.0010	1.22%
6	0.0803	0.0010	1.22%
7	0.0796	0.0010	1.23%
8	0.0790	0.0010	1.25%
9	0.0824	0.0011	1.30%
10	0.0771	0.0011	1.36%
11	0.0818	0.0011	1.36%
12	0.0797	0.0011	1.37%
13	0.0843	0.0012	1.38%
14	0.0806	0.0011	1.32%
15	0.0806	0.0010	1.27%
16	0.0823	0.0010	1.34%
17	0.0770	0.0013	1.85%
18	0.0772	0.0016	2.25%

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