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Laser Multilateration Coordinate Measurement Systems and Development Status:A Review
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摘要: 激光多边坐标测量系统具有坐标测量精度高的特点，引起了各国学界、业界以及计量机构的众多关注。然而，由于大空间范围坐标测量准确度受到多种因素的影响，且国内关于激光多边坐标测量系统测量与校准相关标准缺失，激光多边坐标测量系统的发展仍然面临很多问题亟需解决。针对激光多边测量原理、系统参数自标定方法、坐标测量溯源现状及其相关标准制定、测量不确定度评定及其影响因素分析、激光多边坐标测量在姿态测量领域的延伸以及国内外在工业领域的实际应用进行了广泛的调研与总结。其中，国内外研究人员在补偿环境场干扰、减小测距误差、提升系统自标定精度、增加测站数量、设置约束条件与研究系统最优布局等测量精度提升方向进行了多种不同尝试。同时，国内激光多边坐标测量系统测量、校准与溯源等相关标准的建立与完善可以为工业领域应用中大型零部件的制造装配和仪器的校准补偿等提供参考与依据。综述了激光多边坐标测量系统在大空间范围测量领域的相关研究进展，重点关注激光多边法坐标测量原理、系统参数自标定方法、坐标测量不确定度和应用，旨在为研究人员提供关于激光多边坐标测量系统的发展现状与未来发展趋势，促进大空间范围坐标测量技术的发展。Abstract: The laser multilateral coordinate measuring system has the characteristics of high coordinate measurement accuracy, which has attracted much attention from academic circles, industries and metrology institutions in various countries. However, since the accuracy of coordinate measurement in large spatial ranges is affected by various factors, and there is a lack of domestic standards related to the measurement and calibration of laser multilateral coordinate measurement systems, the development of laser multilateral coordinate measurement systems still faces many problems that need to be solved. This article focuses on the principle of laser multilateral measurement, system parameter self-calibration method, coordinate measurement traceability status and the formulation of related standards, measurement uncertainty assessment and analysis of influencing factors, the extension of laser multilateral coordinate measurement in the field of attitude measurement, and the application in the industrial field at home and abroad Extensive research and summary have been conducted on its practical applications. Among them, domestic and foreign researchers have made a variety of attempts to improve measurement accuracy, such as compensating environmental field interference, reducing ranging errors, improving system self-calibration accuracy, increasing the number of measurement stations, setting constraints, and researching the optimal layout of the system. At the same time, the establishment and improvement of relevant standards for domestic laser polygonal coordinate measurement system measurement, calibration and traceability can provide reference and basis for the manufacturing and assembly of large parts and components in industrial applications and the calibration and compensation of instruments. This article reviews the relevant literature on laser multilateral coordinate measurement systems in the field of large spatial range measurement, focusing on the principles of laser multilateral coordinate measurement, system parameter self-calibration methods, coordinate measurement uncertainty and applications, aiming to provide researchers with information on The development status and future development trends of laser multilateral coordinate measurement systems promote the development of coordinate measurement technology in large spatial ranges.
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图 1 激光多边法论文年度发文量统计
Figure 1. Statistics on the number of annual papers on laser multilateral methods
表 1 激光多边测量系统应用
Table 1. Application of laser multilateral measurement system
机床 零部件 测量仪器 线性轴
(几何误差)光学平板 机器人校准 旋转轴
(几何误差)抛物镜
(面形误差
几何误差)坐标测量机
(几何误差)机床
(定位重复性
热变形)特大齿轮
标准块规关节臂测量机 
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