A High-Accuracy Measurement Method for Direction of Arrival of Millimeter-Wave Radar Based on Fast Iterative Adaptive Algorithm
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摘要: 迭代自适应算法(Iterative Adaptive Algorithm, IAA)是一种超分辨算法,广泛用于毫米波雷达波达角(Direction Of Arrival, DOA)的高精度测量之中。然而,传统的IAA存在算法复杂、计算结果迟滞的问题,难以适用于对实时性要求较高的场景。此外,为了解决信源位置与网格字典不匹配而导致角度测量误差较大的问题,常采用网格细化的方法,这将进一步加剧IAA计算缓慢的问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种快速迭代自适应算法(Fast Iterative Adaptive Algorithm, FIAA)。FIAA采用粗细网格分次测量信源角度。首先在全空域内进行粗网格划分并使用IAA计算出真实信源的潜在区域,然后在信源潜在区域内进行细网格划分并更新信号方向矩阵,最后使用具有正则化协方差矩阵的IAA对信源角度进行高精度测量。实验结果表明, FIAA可以有效避免对非信源潜在区域的扫描与计算,计算耗时至少降低为IAA的4%,并在信噪比高于0dB时与IAA的计算精度基本一致,适用于高实时、高精度的毫米波雷达波达角测量场景之中。Abstract: The Iterative Adaptive Algorithm (IAA) is a super-resolution algorithm widely applied for highly accurate measurement of the Direction of Arrival (DOA) in millimeter-wave radar. However, traditional IAA encounter challenges related to algorithmic complexity and computational delay, making them unsuitable for applications requiring real-time performance. Moreover, in order to reduce the angle estimation errors caused by the mismatch between the source locations and the grid dictionary, a common approach is to refine the grid. However, this further exacerbates the slow computation problem of the IAA. To tackle this problem, a Fast Iterative Adaptive Algorithm (FIAA) is proposed in this paper. The FIAA adopts a hierarchical grid refinement approach to iteratively measure source angles. Initially, a coarse grid division is implemented across the entire spatial domain and the potential areas of real source locations are identified by utilizing the IAA. Subsequently, within these potential regions, a refined grid division is executed, accompanied by updates to the signal direction matrix. Ultimately, the IAA, incorporating a regularized covariance matrix, is employed to attain highly accurate measurements of the signal source angles. Experimental results demonstrate that FIAA effectively circumvents scanning and computation in non-signal potential regions, the calculation time is reduced to at least 4% of the IAA, and the accuracy of the measurements are basically consistent with the IAA when the SNR is higher than 0dB. It is suitable for scenarios requiring high real-time performance and high-accuracy millimeter-wave radar DOA measurement.
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表 1 网格细化时IAA和FIAA的计算耗时
Table 1. Computational cost of IAA and FIAAs when the mesh is refined
算法 网格精度为0.1°时的
计算耗时/s网格精度为0.05°时的
计算耗时/sIAA 0.386052 1.030609 FIAA 0.015321 0.016237 $ \dfrac{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{A}} $ 3.97% 1.58% -
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