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Research Progress of Fluid Viscosity Measurement Technologies
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摘要: 粘度是衡量流体粘滞系数大小的重要流体特性，选择合适的粘度测量方法对工业生产和科研开发至关重要。随着生物医疗、新能源、新材料等领域对微流体应用的拓展，针对微流体的粘度测量方法逐渐涌现，为更好地满足人们选取粘度测量方法的需求，并为相关研究人员提供更全面、更先进的粘度测量方法指南，对流体粘度测量技术发展的现状进行了综述，将当前粘度测量方法分为两类：传统宏观流体的粘度测量方法和微流体的粘度测量方法。对于传统宏观流体的测量方法，综述了旋转粘度计、振荡粘度计、落体粘度计和超声粘度计等粘度测量方法及装置，并介绍了其结构、测量原理、优缺点以及当前现状；而对于微流体粘度测量方法，介绍了基于微机电系统（Micro-Electro-Mechanical System，MEMS）的粘度计、基于光学的微流体粘度计、基于液滴的微流体粘度计和纸基微流体粘度计等几类新型的微流体粘度测量方法及装置，针对其结构特点、测量准确度、测量原理等方面进行展开探讨，并与传统粘度计进行比较，突出各自优点。结论表明，尽管在进行大规模工业生产过程中传统粘度测量装置依旧是首选，但新型的微流体粘度计因其样本量少、测量效率高、成本低、体积小等优势而日益得到重视，为选择最适合特定需求的粘度测量方法提供了有价值的参考。Abstract: Viscosity is an important fluid characteristic that measures the magnitude of a fluid's viscosity coefficient. How to choose an appropriate viscosity measurement method is crucial for industrial production and scientific research and development. With the expansion of microfluidic applications in fields such as biomedicine, new energy and new materials, viscosity measurement methods for microfluidics are gradually emerging. To better meet people's needs for selecting viscosity measurement methods and to provide more comprehensive and advanced guidelines for relevant researchers, this article reviews the current status of fluid viscosity measurement technology and divides current viscosity measurement methods into two categories: traditional macroscopic fluid viscosity measurement methods and microfluidic viscosity measurement methods. For traditional macroscopic fluid measurement methods, this article reviews the related methods and devices such as rotational viscometers, oscillatory viscometers, falling viscometers, and ultrasonic viscometers, and introduces their structures, measurement principles, advantages and disadvantages, and current status. For microfluidic viscosity measurement methods, the article introduces several new types of methods and devices, including Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based viscometers, optically based microfluidic viscometers, droplet-based microfluidic viscometers and paper-based microfluidic viscometers. The article explores their structural characteristics, measurement accuracy and principles, and compares them with traditional viscometers to highlight their respective advantages. The conclusion indicates that although traditional viscosity measurement devices are still the preferred choice for large-scale industrial production processes, new microfluidic viscometers are increasingly valued for their advantages, such as small sample size, high measurement efficiency, low cost and compact size. This review provides a valuable reference for selecting the most suitable viscosity measurement method for specific needs.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- fluid viscosity /
- viscosity measurement /
- viscometer /
- macroscopic fluid /
- microfluid
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图 9 基于光镊的微流体粘度测量装置
Figure 9. Microfluidic viscosity measurement device based on optical tweezer
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