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Vol. 68, No. 3 03 2024
monthly CN 10-1696/TB ISSN 2096-9015
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
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Abstract:
The prerequisite for achieving high-precision measurement lies in the accurate acquisition of the physical quantities to be measured, and currently high-precision and expensive CNC gear measuring instruments are commonly used. However, the complete tooth profile of micro gear with modulus less than 0.1mm and diameter less than 1mm cannot be measured by traditional contact measurement due to the narrow space width. Optical methods cannot obtain the data near tooth root due to the shield and inclination. In response to this situation, this paper proposes a high precision measuring method for micro gears basing on white light interferometer. Real time monitoring of the tilting degree of micro gear is achieved by the order of appearance of interference patterns, which ensures the accuracy of profile extraction; The center of the gear is determined by the 3D points of the surface, which can effectively improve the gear centering accuracy. This paper focuses on the principle of white light interferometry measurement for micro gears, the leveling model, and the gear error calculation method. The experimental results show that this method provides an effective means for solving the precision measurement of micro gears.
Abstract:
This article provides a systematic review of the theory, research and application on measurement uncertainty. Firstly, it gives an overall introduction to the historical development. Secondly, the basic principles, latest researches and limitations of several types of mainstream measurement uncertainty evaluation methods are summarized, such as the GUM method, which is the most commonly used evaluation method at present, mainly for the linear or approximate linear measurement models and adopts the method based on the transfer of standardized uncertainty; the Monte Carlo-based measurement uncertainty evaluation method and its derivatives, the proposed Monte Carlo method and the adaptive Monte Carlo method have wider applicability when dealing with complex models; Bayes-based measurement uncertainty assessment method can give full play to the value of the a priori data in small-sample measurements and has a good performance. In addition, the article discusses some methods usually used under information scarcity, such as grey evaluating method, fuzzy evaluating method, maximum entropy method, and neural network method. Finally, the article provides a brief summary of various evaluating methods and believes that with the development of artificial intelligence technology, methods such as support vector machines and neural networks have broad prospects for application in complex measurement models and measurement environments.
Abstract:
Two analytical methods based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hydride generation - atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (HG-AFS) were established to accurately determine four target carbonyl compounds (viz. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and 2,3-butadione) and two target heavy metals (via. arsenic and lead) in two different e-liquids, respectively. After their derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride, the e-liquid specimens were analyzed quantitatively by HPLC. The results showed the detection limit of (0.53~1.2) μg/L, the measurement repeatability of 0.26%~2.2%, the spike recovery of 90%~103% and the combined uncertainty of 1.6%~4.5%. After their microwave digestion, the e-liquid specimens were analyzed quantitatively by HG-AFS. The results showed the detection limit of (0.007~0.025) ng/g, the measurement repeatability of 2.2%~4.5%, the spike recovery of 95%~101% and the combined uncertainty of 2.2%~4.9%. The two methods established have an advantage of simple sample pretreatment, high sensitivity, good repeatability and good accuracy, which are very suitable for the accurate determination of limited carbonyl compounds and heavy metals content in e-liquid and are also beneficial to the implementation of related national documented standards and the supervision of e-liquids.
Abstract:
As a kind of spectroscopic instrument, the monochromator is used to separate the mixed light into monochromatic light in the spectral responsivity of the photoelectric pyrometer. To improve the uncertainty level of temperature scale extension and reproduction for photoelectric pyrometers, it is necessary to calibrate the wavelength accuracy of the monochromator in the spectral responsivity for three commonly used photoelectric pyrometers with 660nm, 800nm and 900nm filters. In this paper, a neon atomic line lamp is used as a standard light source and a spectrum analyzer was used to scan the spectral line distribution in the range of 600nm~1200nm. The selected 37 characteristic spectral lines were then used to calibrate the wavelength error of the monochromator. The wavelength errors of the monochromator were analyzed in terms of slit width, wavelength correction method, detector response, nonlinearity, and calibration repeatability. The results showed that the uncertainty of the wavelength error was no more than 0.033 nm at 900nm wavelength. For the pyrometer with 660nm filter, the uncertainties of the temperature measurements at 1084.62°C and 3000°C were 0.01°C and 0.28°C, respectively.
The Evaluation Method and Application Research of Measurement Uncertainty
JIN Haoyuan, LIU Jun
2021, 65(5): 124-131.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2020.9002
[Abstract](2583) [FullText HTML](1680) [PDF 655KB](1021)
摘要:
主要介绍了测量不确定度的发展历程、国内外研究现状以及未来可能的发展方向。对7种主要的评定算法进行了介绍和归纳,对测量不确定度在不同领域的应用现状进行了调研和总结。最后,对不同评定算法的适用场景进行了归纳整理,并对测量不确定度未来可能的发展方向进行了探讨。
Application of Digital Twins in Medical and Health Fields and Related Research Progress
CHEN Yuefei, WANG Sisi, TIAN Mingqi, CHEN Chuan
2021, 65(10): 6-9.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.0050
[Abstract](1923) [FullText HTML](1806) [PDF 540KB](399)
摘要:
数字孪生技术在医疗健康领域应用日益广泛,本文介绍了数字孪生的基本原理,总结了数字孪生技术在医疗健康领域的发展现状与应用,即患者状况实时获取、安全环境提供、全方位的创新服务平台搭建等,指出了数字孪生技术在医疗健康领域的两大发展趋势,并提出在医疗健康领域使用数字孪生技术可能产生的问题。
Analysis of an Electrochemical Gas Sensor for Measuring Carbon Monoxide
LI Guangyi
2021, 65(3): 40-43.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.03.08
[Abstract](782) [FullText HTML](440) [PDF 782KB](53)
摘要:
有毒及易燃易爆气体报警器的周期性检定作为石油、化工等生产性企业安全防护的重要方面,报警器核心部件传感器的线性度、可靠性、检测结果的准确性就显得尤为重要。以一氧化碳有毒电化学式气体传感器为例,对传感器的工作原理及整体工作过程进行了详细分析;对每部分结构的作用进行了简要描述;性能参数指标分情况进行探论。最终对一氧化碳有毒电化学式传感器的线性度、相关性、响应时间、温湿度依赖性进行了有效评估。
Recent Prospects on Some Problems in Inertial Technology Metrology
YE Wen, CAI Chenguang, YANG Ping, QUAN Wei, XING Li, HU Ruo
2021, 65(3): 9-14, 52.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.03.02
[Abstract](797) [FullText HTML](419) [PDF 623KB](128)
摘要:
惯性技术是研究运载体运动信息(位置、速度、姿态等)的获取与感知技术,是一个国家科学技术水平和国防实力的核心标志之一。在国防和国民经济建设重大需求的牵引下,惯性技术一直备受各国的高度重视,属于基础性、战略性和前沿性的军民两用高新技术。在惯性技术中,陀螺仪是测量运载体角速度的核心仪表,是运载体进行姿态调整/控制、实现自主/隐蔽导航的核心信息源之一, 其发展呈高精度和微型化两种趋势。本文总结梳理了惯性技术的发展动态和研究现状, 重点强调了陀螺仪的发展现状及惯性测试计量研究内容, 展望了新SI时代的原子惯性计量。
The Metrology Technology of Medical Wearable Physiological Parameter Monitoring Equipment
ZHOU Feng, DING Xiang
2021, 65(8): 7-10.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2020.9056
[Abstract](655) [FullText HTML](373) [PDF 534KB](165)
摘要:
主要介绍了医用可穿戴生理参数监测设备的发展、应用情况以及涉及的主要技术。目前该类设备尚缺乏专门的计量技术规范,在参考相关传统医疗设备的标准及计量方法的基础上,探索分析了医用可穿戴生理参数监测设备的关键计量参数及技术。
Research Progress on Common Measurement Methods of Nucleic Acid Reference Materials
CHEN Guifang, OUYANG Yanyan, YANG Jiayi, GAO Yunhua
2021, 65(6): 25-33.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2020.9022
[Abstract](856) [FullText HTML](570) [PDF 1030KB](271)
摘要:
为提高核酸测量的准确性,种类繁多的核酸标准物质被研制出来。标准物质是保证量值准确性与可溯源性的“计量器具”,具有复现、保存和传递量值的功能,可以为核酸定性与定量检测过程的质量控制提供参考。准确可靠的定值方法是标准物质研制的重要基础,详细介绍了几种核酸标准物质测量方法,重点分析了不同测量方法的原理与应用特点,讨论了测量过程中可能存在的影响因素,为核酸标准物质的深入研究提供参考。
A Method to Improve the Accuracy of Data Center PUE Based on Energy Measurement
LI Anxiang, SHEN Qingfei, ZHOU Xin, WU Tong, DOU Lilan, ZHANG Yan, GUO Hongbo, HAN Xiangxun
2021, 65(9): 44-47.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2020.9010
[Abstract](571) [FullText HTML](296) [PDF 638KB](64)
摘要:
通过调研北京地区12个数据中心的能源计量管理情况,围绕影响计算数据中心电能使用效率(PUE)准确性的主要因素,分析计算PUE时普遍存在的问题,提出利用能源计量管理手段,定期比对计量器具确定其准确性的方法,通过电量分项、分类、分区计量管理,提高数据中心PUE准确性。
Research on Split Test Method of Low-Pressure High-Flow Thermal Gas Mass Flowmeter
Joseph W.F. Lai, LING Guangsheng, ZHAO Hao, ZHANG Fuyuan, XIE Dailiang, XU Ya
2022, 66(8): 3-6, 12.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.0215
[Abstract](676) [FullText HTML](241) [PDF 1332KB](34)
摘要:
热式气体质量流量计具有量程比大、精度高以及可靠性好等优点,可广泛应用于工业天然气、家用煤气以及医疗中氧气等气体流量的测量,在工业以及民用领域中有着广阔的应用前景。目前国内市场上低压天然气实流测试标准装置的最大测试流量通常只能达到40 m3·h−1,无法对低压大流量气体质量流量计进行实流测试,给生产上带来很多不便。本文利用分流组件对热式气体质量流量计进行改装,通过数值模拟对分流组件与整表的流场特性进行了对比验证。采用实流测试设备对该分流组件进行实流测试,利用计算获得的流量比例系数获得流量计整表的流量性能,从而解决了低压天然气大流量气体质量流量计的实流测试问题。
Research on the Importance and Development in the Digital Era of Metrology and Measurement
DOU Chen, ZHOU Zili
2022, 66(9): 70-73.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2022.0168
[Abstract](576) [FullText HTML](222) [PDF 507KB](128)
摘要:
通过对国民经济数字化转型的分析,研究和探讨了计量的根本任务以及数字计量对国民经济的重要作用,阐述了数字世界计量工作的重要性。通过对数字世界的计量标准和虚拟测量仪器的研究以及对实时远程计量校准的计量模式的分析,为新时代计量发展方向提供了指引。
Application of FTIR in the Research on Gas Reference Materials
WANG Defa, ZHOU Fengran, YE Jing, ZHANG Tiqiang, ZENG Wu, HAN Qiao
2021, 65(5): 67-76.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2020.9041
[Abstract](859) [FullText HTML](524) [PDF 937KB](113)
摘要:
气体标准物质在气体测量领域有广泛的应用,为实现测量结果溯源至国际单位制SI发挥了重要的作用。在气体标准物质研制过程中离不开气体成分的测量,测量方法除了色谱法、质谱法外,光谱法也被广泛应用。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)是一种光谱测量技术,它可以用于原料气体的纯度分析和气体标准物质特性组分和干扰组分的精确测量。介绍了采用FTIR测量几种原料气体中杂质的应用实例,以及在气体标准物质量值测量和国际比对中的一些应用。研究显示FTIR比较适用于活泼性组分的测量和多组分的同步测量,测量过程操作相对简单,不需要像GC或GCMS那样对色谱柱或者色谱参数进行复杂的优化和控制;FTIR同样适用于稳定性气体的测量,例如在温室气体测量中也可以获得较高的重复性和准确性。除此之外,准确的测量结果与所使用的校准方法有关,使用单点精确匹配校准或双点校准,同时采用“参考-样品-参考”的交替测量序列,可以获得相对准确的测量结果。
The Evaluation Method and Application Research of Measurement Uncertainty
JIN Haoyuan, LIU Jun
2021, 65(5): 124-131.   doi: 10.12338/j.issn.2096-9015.2020.9002
[Abstract](2583) [FullText HTML](1680) [PDF 655KB](1680)
Abstract:
In this paper, the development history of measurement uncertainty, the current research status at home and abroad, and the possible future development directions are mainly introduced. The seven main evaluation algorithms are introduced and summarized, and the current situation of the application of measurement uncertainty in different fields is investigated and summarized. Finally, the applicable scenarios of different evaluation algorithms are summarized, and the possible future development directions of measurement uncertainty are discussed.
2021, (1).  
[Abstract](519) [PDF 56727KB](102)
Abstract: