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远程时间传递与溯源方法、装置及体系

梁坤 方维 顾杨义 陈德好 郝爽雨 杨志强 方占军 张爱敏

梁坤,方维,顾杨义,等. 远程时间传递与溯源方法、装置及体系[J]. 计量科学与技术,2021, 65(4):3-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01
引用本文: 梁坤,方维,顾杨义,等. 远程时间传递与溯源方法、装置及体系[J]. 计量科学与技术,2021, 65(4):3-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01
LIANG Kun, FANG Wei, GU Yangyi, CHEN Dehao, HAO Shuangyu, YANG Zhiqiang, FANG Zhanjun, ZHANG Aimin. Remote Time Transfer and Traceability Method, Device and System[J]. Metrology Science and Technology, 2021, 65(4): 3-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01
Citation: LIANG Kun, FANG Wei, GU Yangyi, CHEN Dehao, HAO Shuangyu, YANG Zhiqiang, FANG Zhanjun, ZHANG Aimin. Remote Time Transfer and Traceability Method, Device and System[J]. Metrology Science and Technology, 2021, 65(4): 3-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01

远程时间传递与溯源方法、装置及体系

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFF0212000);国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技计划项目(2015QK221)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    梁坤(1980-),中国计量科学研究院研究员,研究方向:守时、时间频率传递、远程时间校准及溯源,邮箱:liangk@nim.ac.cn

Remote Time Transfer and Traceability Method, Device and System

  • 摘要:

    为解决法定时间量值的远程传递问题,填补可溯源的时间标准及时间计量器具的空白,研究了远程时间溯源方法,参考原子时标国家计量基准(UTC(NIM)),利用GNSS时间频率传递方法,通过驯服铷原子钟、铯原子钟和氢原子钟,研制了远程时间溯源装置NIMDO,基于装置初步构建了远程时间溯源体系。通过多种实验验证,装置在远程端实现了一个高性能的时标,实时与UTC(NIM)驯服同步,相当于在远程端以一定的时间和频率偏差复现了UTC(NIM),超过90%的时间NIMDO与UTC(NIM)的时间偏差优于±10 ns、频率偏差优于±1×10−13,在87%以上的情况时间偏差保持在±5 ns内。

  • 图  1  GNSS时间频率传递原理图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of GNSS time and frequency transfer

    图  2  NIMDO组成和原理图

    Figure  2.  Components and schematic diagram of NIMDO

    图  3  NIMDO外观

    Figure  3.  The appearance of NIMDO

    图  4  昌平院区NIMDO的本地时差

    Figure  4.  Local time differences of NIMDO at Changping campus

    图  5  NIMDO与铯钟的频率稳定度比较

    Figure  5.  Comparison of frequency stability between NIMDO and Caesium 5071A

    图  6  和平里院区NIMDO的日平均时间偏差

    Figure  6.  Daily mean time deviation of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

    图  7  和平里院区NIMDO的日平均频率偏差

    Figure  7.  Daily mean frequency deviation of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

    图  8  和平里院区NIMDO的时间稳定度

    Figure  8.  Time stability of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

    图  9  和平里院区NIMDO的频率稳定度

    Figure  9.  Frequency stability of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

    图  10  长基线NIMDO的时间偏差

    Figure  10.  Time deviation of NIMDOs over longer baselines

    图  11  长基线NIMDO的频率偏差

    Figure  11.  Frequency deviation of NIMDOs over longer baselines

    图  12  长基线NIMDO的时间稳定度

    Figure  12.  Time stability of NIMDOs over longer baselines

    图  13  长基线NIMDO的频率稳定度

    Figure  13.  Frequency stability of NIMDOs over longer baselines

    图  14  铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的时差值

    Figure  14.  Time differences of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

    图  15  铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的频差值

    Figure  15.  Frequency differences of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

    图  16  铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的频率稳定度

    Figure  16.  Frequency stability of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

    图  17  铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的时间稳定度

    Figure  17.  Time stability of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

    图  18  各远程站分布图

    Figure  18.  Distribution map of remote stations

    图  19  远程站与UTC(NIM)的溯源时差结果(16分钟间隔)

    Figure  19.  Traceability time differences between the remote stations and UTC (NIM) (16-min interval)

    图  20  远程站与UTC(NIM)的溯源频差结果(一天间隔)

    Figure  20.  Traceability frequency differences between the remote stations and UTC (NIM) (one day interval)

    表  1  长基线NIMDO时间偏差统计

    Table  1.   Time deviation statistics of NIMDOs over longer baselines

    NIMDO代码观测点数0<|**|<5 ns5 ns<|**|<10 ns|**|>10 ns
    TS15171921612610660
    (93.80%)(6.20%)(0.00%)
    TS1716447161083390
    (97.94%)(2.06%)(0.00%)
    TS2315976155224540
    (97.16%)(2.84%)(0.00%)
    TS2416937160918460
    (95.01%)(4.99%)(0.00%)
    TS2617180168783020
    (98.24%)(1.76%)(0.00%)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  长基线NIMDO频率偏差(一天间隔)统计

    Table  2.   Frequency deviation statistics of NIMDOs over longer baselines

    NIMDO代码观测点数0<|**|<5$ \times {10}^{-14} $5$ \times {10}^{-14} $<|**|
    <1$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    1$ \times {10}^{-13} $<|**|
    <2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    |**|>2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    TS152011662960
    (82.59%)(14.43%)(2.99%)(0.00%)
    TS171891642311
    (86.77%)(12.17%)(0.53%)(0.53%)
    TS231891582632
    (83.60%)(13.76%)(1.59%)(1.06%)
    TS241981712313
    (86.36%)(11.62%)(0.51%)(1.52%)
    TS261991772020
    (88.94%)(10.05%)(1.01%)(0.00%)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  实验中使用的接收机

    Table  3.   Receiver employed in the experiments

    接收机代码型号时间频率参考GNSS系统
    IM07NIM-TF-GNSS-2J铯钟(Cs clock) /铷钟(Rb clock)GPS
    TF07NIM-TF-GNSS-3铯钟(Cs clock)BDS和GPS
    IM13NIM-TF-GNSS-3氢钟(H-maser)BDS和GPS
    IM14NIM-TF-GNSS-3铯钟(Cs clock)BDS和GPS
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  铷钟、铯钟和氢钟时差测量值统计

    Table  4.   Time difference statistics of Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser

    NIMDO类型观测量0<|**| <5 ns5 ns<|**| <10 ns10 ns<|**| <15 ns15 ns<|**| <20 ns|**|>20 ns
    IM07 GPS Cs2952328549974000
    94.89%5.11%000
    IM07 GPS Rb44494100349000
    91.94%8.06%000
    IM13 GPS H1946218929533000
    97.27%2.73%000
    IM13 BDS H1362213179440300
    96.75%3.23%0.2%00
    TF07 BDS Cs77717253518000
    93.33%6.67%000
    IM14 BDS Cs103929478914000
    91.28%8.72%000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  铷钟、铯钟和氢钟频差(一天间隔)测量值统计

    Table  5.   Frequency difference (one day interval) statistics of Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser

    NIMDO类型观测量0<|**|<5$ \times {10}^{-14} $5$ \times {10}^{-14} $<|**|<1$ \times {10}^{-13} $1$ \times {10}^{-13} $<|**|<2$ \times {10}^{-13} $|**|>2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    IM07 GPS Cs3312874400
    86.71%13.29%00
    IM07 GPS Rb55361630
    65.45%29.09%5.46%0
    IM13 GPS H2351924030
    81.04%17.65%1.31%0
    IM13 BDS H1531242270
    81.06%14.38%4.6%0
    TF07 BDS Cs88671560
    76.14%23.86%00
    IM14 BDS Cs116942020
    81.18%16.95%1.87%0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  远程站与UTC(NIM)时差数据统计

    Table  6.   Time difference statistics between the remote stations and UTC (NIM)

    远程站观测
    点数
    0<|**|
    <5 ns
    5 ns<|**|
    <10 ns
    10 ns<|**|
    <15 ns
    15 ns<|**|
    <20 ns
    |**|>20 ns
    IM041235911087641023420510743314
    88.00%8.28%0.17%0.87%2.68%
    IM081226211117608631467987776
    91.14%7.04%0.38%0.80%0.63%
    IM1012398611488464855889991030
    92.66%5.23%0.47%0.81%0.83%
    TS1556536535801469391101086
    94.77%2.60%0.69%0.02%1.92%
    TS173393230399204339041096
    89.59%6.02%1.15%0.01%3.23%
    TS1813590115911304306623
    85.29%9.60%0.22%4.87%0.02%
    TS19452313949657130220
    87.32%12.63%0.00%0.05%0.00%
    TS20302062706049168331969
    89.58%1.63%2.26%0.01%6.52%
    TS21323482995390342141067
    92.60%2.79%1.30%0.01%3.30%
    TS22266522474142137021118
    92.83%1.58%1.39%0.01%4.19%
    TS23469634458189237021118
    94.93%1.90%0.79%0.00%2.38%
    TS2429402261241788431261033
    88.85%6.08%1.47%0.09%3.51%
    TS263017327408127446331025
    90.84%4.22%1.53%0.01%3.40%
    TS2723716211958454481351093
    89.37%3.56%1.89%0.57%4.61%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  远程站与UTC(NIM)频差(一天间隔)数据统计

    Table  7.   Frequency differences (one day interval) statistics between the remote stations and UTC (NIM)

    远程站观测
    点数
    0<|**|<5$ \times {10}^{-14} $5$ \times {10}^{-14} $<|**|
    <1$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    1$ \times {10}^{-13} $<|**|
    <2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    |**|>2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
    IM0414459663489833
    66.85%24.08%6.78%2.28%
    IM0813379582588239
    71.65%19.30%6.13%2.92%
    IM10143110292978223
    71.91%20.75%5.73%1.61%
    TS1566255886135
    84.29%12.99%1.96%0.76%
    TS1739331657146
    80.41%14.50%3.56%1.53%
    TS181591262472
    79.25%15.09%4.40%1.26%
    TS19536380109425
    70.90%20.34%7.84%0.93%
    TS203513053592
    86.89%9.97%2.56%0.57%
    TS2138032441105
    85.26%10.79%2.63%1.32%
    TS223142683475
    85.35%10.83%2.23%1.59%
    TS235494637583
    84.34%13.66%1.46%0.55%
    TS243422815452
    82.16%15.79%1.46%0.58%
    TS263502954573
    84.29%12.86%2.00%0.86%
    TS272742193997
    79.93%14.23%3.28%2.55%
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 网络出版日期:  2021-04-15
  • 刊出日期:  2021-04-15

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