Abstract: Combined with IoT technology, a LabVIEW-based coal quality test data transmission system is designed. This system consists of hardware and software. The hardware adopts a two-level data processing method to reduce the resource occupancy. The test data from the serial port of the instrument is packaged at the first level of the system and sent to the second level for data processing, and then packaged into a cloud database. The main function of the software is to view and save data, and to initialize the lower machine. Through the test experiments in the laboratory environment, the results show that the system can upload data accurately in real time. The system is helpful to solve the problems of poor timeliness and low accuracy of data uploading for traditional coal quality testing instruments in thermal power generation industry, and has good application prospects.