Abstract: Gasoline and diesel are widely used petrochemical products in social production. The physicochemical property of gasoline and diesel determines whether the internal combustion engine can maintain normal operation and whether its exhaust emissions meet the standards. As a fast, efficient, accurate, and green analysis method, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied to analyze the part of the physicochemical properties of gasoline and diesel. To improve the effect of NIRS in analyzing oil properties and promote the development of this technology, the application of NIRS technology in the detection of typical physicochemical properties of gasoline and diesel, data fusion method based on NIRS, and the development of NIR oil analyzer were reviewed, and the important development directions of NIRS analysis technology were described.