Abstract: Gasoline and diesel are important energy sources for China. The quality of gasoline and diesel has an important impact on environmental governance, public health and personal safety. Therefore, China has made detailed regulations on the scope of various indicators in gasoline and diesel, including octane number, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, benzene, distillation range and other 30 indicators. The traditional method for the determination of gasoline and diesel parameters requires the use of cetane number analyzers, gas chromatographs and other instruments, which take a long time and have low efficiency. At present, the Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) method can quantitatively analyze the above parameters at the same time, and has the advantages of many measurement parameters, fast speed and high measurement accuracy, and has been rapidly popularized and applied in the petroleum industry. This paper expounds the research progress of FT-NIRS, introduces the basic principle of FT-NIRS, the main structure and key technology of the device, and the method of FT-NIRS to analyze the composition of gasoline and diesel , and the future research and application prospects are prospected.