Abstract: Climate change and environmental issues are highly relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Measuring Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) and studying the synergistic toxic effects of environmental pollutants pose significant challenges for metrology science. To address these challenges, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) has developed the CIPM Strategy 2030+ and action plans for strengthening basic metrology research and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the support of metrology science in policy decisions. The European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) has carried out a series of studies focusing on environmental and climate monitoring to meet the regulatory needs of the European Union. The EURAMET members actively participate in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) network, providing valuable references for metrology science development in China. To support the implementation of "Synergy between pollution and carbon emission control" in China, metrology research efforts should focus on measuring emerging pollutants and developing online calibration methods. The measurement of carbon emissions and other pollutants should also be improved. Overall, the metrology standards, natural matrix reference materials, critical components of environmental instruments, and fundamental metrology methodology need to be enhanced to support national climate and environmental strategies. To achieve these goals, metrology institutions at all levels should work together to strengthen departmental cooperation and establish scientific resource-sharing mechanisms. In addition, metrology institutions should strengthen cooperation with related domestic and international agencies and institutes to improve the quality of crucial data and advisory capacity for decision-making.