Abstract: Malignant tumors represent a major cause of global mortality, posing a significant threat to human health. In China, the incidence of malignant tumors is increasing, creating a challenging situation for cancer prevention and control. Tumor mutation gene detection technologies offer a scientific foundation for early screening, diagnosis, and treatment, thereby significantly improving cancer survival rates. In China, various approved tumor mutation gene detection kits provide critical support for cancer control efforts. Nucleic acid reference materials play a vital role in ensuring the accuracy and traceability of test results. This paper discusses common methods for detecting tumor gene mutations, reviews certified detection kits available in China, and analyzes the current status of nucleic acid reference materials, both domestically and internationally. The aim is to inform the development and use of reference materials for tumor gene mutations and to promote their application in precision medicine diagnostics.