Abstract: Scientific research instruments are the foundation and achievements of scientific and technological innovation. In the context of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, they have become the focus of global competition in scientific and technological innovation, including in China. Taking the scientific research output of the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Projects (NMSRIDP) as the research object, this study employs bibliometric analysis to reveal the quantity, quality characteristics, and internal patterns of scientific papers from various dimensions, such as output quantity, published journals, citation frequency, and output institutions. Additionally, by analyzing highly cited papers and hot papers, this study evaluates the funding effectiveness of the NMSRIDP from 2011 to 2022 in terms of output, impact, input-output ratio, and other aspects. The aim is to provide a basis for the performance evaluation of the output and achievements of science fund projects and to offer valuable insights into the crucial role of the instrument fund in promoting breakthroughs in China's frontier basic research.