基于波束形成的水下声源精确测量

    Long Range Localization Method for Underwater Sound Sources Based on Beamforming Technique

    • 摘要: 在开阔水域中进行移动声源的发射声源级校准时,声源的位置通常需要使用GPS、超短基线、惯性导航仪等仪器进行测量。校准实验结束后需要进行声源级校准数据和位置测量数据的时间轴校对。声压接收数据和声源位置往往不在同一条船上采集,进行数据处理前需要对两者进行时间轴校对。为了简化校对过程,提出了基于波束形成的水下声源远距精确测量,利用水面反射产生的虚源和真实声源位置间的几何关系对声源位置进行远距离精确测量,并推导了距离计算公式。通过数值仿真对理论的可行性进行了验证,并讨论了线列阵设计对该方法的影响。在湖上试验中进行了进一步验证,并分析了实验声场对定位算法的影响。在200 m范围内,该方法的定位结果同GPS定位结果间的差异小于1%,说明该方法可行。

       

      Abstract: For calibrating the emission sound source level of mobile sound sources in open waters, the location of the sound source is usually determined using GPS, ultra-short baseline, or inertial navigation instruments. After calibration experiments, it's essential to calibrate the time axis of both sound source level data and positional measurement data. As sound pressure data and sound source location are often collected on different vessels, a time axis calibration of both sets of data is needed before processing. To simplify this calibration process, a method based on beamforming for precise long-distance measurement of underwater sound sources is proposed. This method uses the geometric relationship between the virtual source created by water surface reflections and the actual sound source position for long-distance precise measurement and derives a formula for distance calculation. The feasibility of the theory was verified through numerical simulations, and the impact of linear array design on this method was discussed. Further validation was conducted during lake tests, analyzing the influence of the experimental sound field on the positioning algorithm. Within 200 meters, the positioning difference between this method and GPS results was less than 1%, demonstrating its feasibility.

       

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