Abstract: As one of the key components of heavy-duty electric locomotives, the bogie is closely related to the operational and safety performance of these locomotives. In the design and manufacturing process of bogies, there are problems such as ineffective traceability and insufficient detection methods in large-scale specialized testing devices, including bogie rolling vibration test benches. Moreover, during the testing process, the measurement results are inevitably affected by factors such as load effects, mechanical wave interference, locomotive vibration, and wheel hub distortion. The existing traceability methods for bogie values adopt offline calibration, ignoring the influence of factors such as actual installation position, electromagnetic interference, and environmental disturbance, making calibration data difficult to apply. This study analyzes the basic structure and working principle of the rolling vibration test bench for heavy-duty electric locomotive bogies and summarizes a series of technical indicators that can comprehensively and objectively reflect the measurement characteristics of the test bench. The calibration items and specific testing methods of the test bench are clarified, and the most critical performance indicator, torque, is selected for measurement uncertainty analysis. Finally, three test benches developed by CRRC Zhuzhou Machinery Co., Ltd. are selected for experimental verification, proving that the proposed calibration method for the test benches is scientific and reasonable.