Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder highly prevalent in the elderly population aged 65 and above. With increasing global population aging, AD has become a major issue affecting public health and social development worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, and currently, there are no effective drugs to reverse or prevent disease progression. Utilizing a comprehensive and highly specific combination of diagnostic biomarkers for early AD detection is crucial for precise diagnosis and a prerequisite for effective treatment. Developing highly sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput quantitative techniques for AD diagnostic biomarkers is an effective approach to obtain reliable results and meets the urgent need for clinical AD diagnosis. Promoting the standardization of AD diagnostic biomarker-related tests can significantly improve the consistency, interchangeability, and traceability of results obtained from different detection platforms. This review outlines the evolution of AD diagnostic criteria and the current status of drug development, lists important disease-related diagnostic biomarkers, introduces and compares relevant measurement and detection techniques, and finally analyzes and prospects the standardization status of precise measurement techniques for AD diagnostic biomarkers. We aim to provide valuable guidance for promoting the development of related reference materials and the establishment of reference measurement procedures, as well as improving the performance of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) products and platforms in this field.