Abstract: The total station is a high-precision measuring instrument that integrates distance measurement, angle measurement, and coordinate measurement, playing a crucial role in infrastructure construction and geodetic surveying. Among its various parameters, changes in measuring scale frequency are the main source of distance measurement scale error. This parameter is fundamental to understanding the distance measurement characteristics of the instrument and can essentially characterize the scale error. This paper reports on the development of an automatic measurement system for the total station scale frequency, utilizing high-precision frequency measurement technology referenced to an atomic clock for real-time dynamic measurement. Furthermore, using the developed automatic measurement system, an in-depth study was conducted on the temperature characteristics affecting the scale frequency by controlling the ambient temperature. This research is significant for further evaluating the distance measurement performance of total stations and for identifying the sources of distance multiplication constant errors during calibration and verification processes.