Abstract: Laser multilateration coordinate measurement systems have gained significant attention from academia, industry, and metrology institutions worldwide due to their high coordinate measurement accuracy. However, the accuracy of coordinate measurement in large spatial ranges is affected by various factors, and there is a lack of domestic standards related to the measurement and calibration of these systems in China. Consequently, the development of laser multilateration coordinate measurement systems still faces numerous challenges that need to be addressed. This review comprehensively examines and summarizes the principles of laser multilateration measurement, system parameter self-calibration methods, coordinate measurement traceability status and related standard formulation, measurement uncertainty assessment and analysis of influencing factors, the extension of laser multilateration coordinate measurement in attitude measurement, and its practical applications in industrial fields both domestically and abroad. Researchers have made various attempts to improve measurement accuracy, such as compensating for environmental field interference, reducing ranging errors, enhancing system self-calibration accuracy, increasing the number of measurement stations, setting constraints, and investigating optimal system layouts. Furthermore, establishing and improving relevant standards for domestic laser multilateration coordinate measurement systems, calibration, and traceability can provide references and a basis for manufacturing and assembly of large components in industrial applications, as well as instrument calibration and compensation. This review focuses on the principles of laser multilateration coordinate measurement, system parameter self-calibration methods, coordinate measurement uncertainty, and applications. It aims to provide researchers with insights into the current development status and future trends of laser multilateration coordinate measurement systems, thereby promoting the advancement of coordinate measurement technology in large spatial ranges.