Abstract: Currently, technological innovation has become the main battleground of international strategic competition, and metrology is an essential foundation for national technological innovation, industrial development, national defense construction, and people's livelihood. Reviewing and analyzing the research status of global metrology science based on scientific literature and identifying relevant research hotspots and trends are of great significance for gaining forward-looking insights and grasping the development direction of international metrology science research. Focusing on eight international advanced metrology institutions, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM), the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), this article uses bibliometrics, visual knowledge graphs, and other methods to quantitatively analyze the overall research status and hot research content in the global metrology field in 2023 based on the scientific literature data of these institutions on the Web of Science (WOS) platform. The analysis is conducted from multiple dimensions, such as literature output, journal distribution, research topic hotspots, and international cooperation. Quantum information, health, and life sciences are selected as two hot fields for focused analysis, describing their research status and overall development in 2023. Finally, conclusions are drawn to provide insights into global trends in metrology research and to clarify the future research priorities and development directions of metrology science in China.