Abstract: Based on the requirements specified in the international standard ISO 16063.34-2019 for temperature test chambers used in vibration sensor temperature response experiments, a multi-channel temperature detection and control system has been designed and developed to better meet the calibration needs of vibration sensor temperature responses and enhance calibration precision. This system is intended for temperature control and monitoring within the test chamber. This paper introduces the user interface design for the host computer of the temperature control system and the hardware and software design of the temperature controller based on STM32F103C8T6. The system is capable of simultaneously measuring temperatures using 4 type K thermocouples and 1 thermal resistor, theoretically achieving high-precision temperature measurement across a range of −100°C to 700°C. Fuzzy PID control is used to regulate temperatures from 50°C to 600°C. Temperature rise test results show that the temperature control system achieves precision within ±1°C, with minimal overshoot and rapid response. This method significantly improves temperature stability during high-temperature calibration of vibration sensors.