Abstract: Based on the requirements of ISO 16063.34-2019 for the temperature response test chamber of vibration sensor, a multi-channel temperature detection and control system has been designed and developed to better meet the calibration needs of vibration sensor temperature responses and enhance calibration precision. This system is intended for temperature control and monitoring within the test chamber. This paper introduces the design of the user interface for the host computer of the temperature control system and the hardware and software design of temperature controller based on STM32F103C8T6. The system is capable of simultaneously measuring temperatures using 4 type K thermocouples and 1 thermal resistor, theoretically achieving high precision temperature measurement across a range of −100℃～700℃. Fuzzy PID control is used to control the temperature from 50℃ to 600℃. The temperature rise test results show that the temperature control system’s precision is with ±1℃, with minimal overshoot and rapid response. This method greatly improves the temperature stability during high-temperature calibration of vibration sensors.