Abstract: With the development of artificial intelligence, intelligent unmanned systems have been widely applied in various fields. Accurate motion perception is an important prerequisite for the safe operation of intelligent unmanned systems. Inertial technology is the only effective means for intelligent unmanned systems to autonomously achieve motion perception in complex environmental conditions. The measurement principle of inertial sensors is undergoing profound changes, and their widespread application in intelligent unmanned systems continues to promote the development of inertial measurement technology. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of motion perception, it is urgent to establish an inertial traceability system to support the development of inertial measurement technology. Therefore, this article reviews the traditional inertial technology traceability chain and the measurement equipment required for inertial technology traceability. By quantifying the Earth's surface parameters, the two most basic inertial parameters such as acceleration and angular velocity parameters are traced back to the basic physical constants. This article elaborates on the precise measurement and application of atomic interferometers in gravitational acceleration and angular velocity, as well as the current research status at home and abroad, including the latest development progress of atomic interference gyroscopes and atomic gravimeters. Finally, a brief summary and discussion are conducted on the establishment of the inertial measurement system. The future focus of work is to research new measurement methods to guide the development of new inertial measurement equipment, while improving the intelligence, automation, and batch technology level of inertial calibration systems.