Abstract: Track geometry measurement systems play a critical role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of high-speed railway operations. However, complex track geometry conditions and dynamic scenarios pose significant challenges to calibration accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a track geometry measurement system calibration platform based on a multi-dimensional vibration test platform. The platform integrates motion simulation and data processing methods to provide a reliable calibration solution. It comprises four simulation modules: car body posture, bogie posture, track posture, and track geometry irregularities. By leveraging digital control systems and high-precision calibration devices, the platform replicates complex track geometry states under dynamic conditions. Experimental results demonstrate excellent performance in terms of repeatability and consistency. In repeatability tests, the errors of reproduced track geometry irregularity parameters meet detection limits, with repeatability errors for left longitudinal level, right longitudinal level, and alignment being 0.16 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.31 mm, respectively. Consistency tests reveal close alignment between simulated and field-measured data, with short-wave longitudinal level, alignment, and track gauge errors of 0.46 mm, 0.63 mm, and 0.45 mm, respectively. The newly incorporated bogie posture measurement module further enhances the platform’s precision and reliability under dynamic conditions. The findings confirm the platform’s high accuracy and reliability, providing critical support for optimizing track geometry measurement systems and ensuring high-speed railway safety. Future research will focus on refining data fusion algorithms and improving hardware performance to expand the platform’s application range.