Abstract: The design process of self calibrating electret microphones usually requires multiple prototype manufacturing and experimental verification, with a long development cycle. This article takes the self calibrating electrostatic condenser microphone as the research object, establishes a three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis model of the acoustic field of the electrostatic condenser microphone containing an electrostatic exciter, and optimizes the structure of the self calibrating electrostatic exciter based on this simulation model. We studied the influence of design parameters such as aperture size and layout of electrostatic actuators on the acoustic field characteristics of microphones. We compared and analyzed the acoustic field distribution of microphones with aperture sizes of 0.50 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.85 mm, and 1.00 mm, as well as uniform and circular distribution modes, under the same excitation frequency of 250 Hz. The optimized design parameters of electrostatic actuators were obtained. Establish a self calibrating acoustic field simulation model for an optimized design of an electret condenser microphone, and compare the calculated results with the acoustic field distribution of a bare microphone under the same sound source to verify the effectiveness of the optimized design scheme. The results show that the sound field distribution of the microphone is related to the aperture size and layout of the electrostatic exciter. When the aperture size is in the range of 0.65 mm-0.85 mm, the sound field distribution results are closer to the theoretical value. The uniform aperture method is more suitable for the design of the electrostatic exciter. The proposed optimized design parameters of the electrostatic exciter have a smaller impact on the collection of external sound signals by the microphone. The research conclusion provides a reference for the optimization design of self calibrating electret microphones.