Abstract: The airborne ultrasonic imaging instrument, utilizing passive sound source localization technology, plays a pivotal role in localizing and imaging ultrasonic sources. This paper reviews the developmental history and future prospects of these instruments, focusing on the evaluation of key metrological parameters critical for their performance. These parameters include positioning error, lateral spatial resolution, and sound pressure level accuracy, among others. The paper presents research methods for evaluating these five key parameters and analyzes factors that influence the assessment process. This comprehensive evaluation ensures the objective assessment of airborne ultrasonic imaging instruments, contributing to the performance enhancement of such devices, particularly those produced domestically.