Understanding and Evaluating the Durability of Weighing Instruments
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摘要: 从多种国内外标准对耐久性定义的不同表述中归纳其共性,跟容易与之混淆的稳定性作了比较和区分,指出了反映(非一次性使用的)衡器耐久性耗损与寿命的真实含义,对评价衡器耐久性应选的试验对象、试验项目、试验时机、试验场所等作了分析。依据衡器耐久性的根本涵义,对现有的一些衡器国际建议或国家标准中的耐久性试验条款提出了不同看法;对由检定机构实施的或由用户实施的使用中核查区分了不同之处。列表对比了衡器耐久性试验在型式评价、初始检定与后续检定、检定机构与用户开展的使用中核查等环节中的试验时机、试验对象、试验作用、试验目的、试验提请者和执行者、试验场所和工作条件,以及耐久性判据与应载入文件等内容。Abstract: Shared description of "durability" from various standards is summarized. The difference between "durability" and "stability" is analyzed. The essence of wear-out and life regarding durability of non-disposable weighing instruments is pointed out. The test objects, test items, test occasions and test sites for evaluating the durability of weighing instruments are analyzed. Based on the understanding of the durability of weighing instruments, discussions are made on the durability test clauses in existing international recommendations or national standards. Difference between the in-service inspections carried out by legal metrology institutes and by users are examined. The following items are compared for durability tests made on type evaluation, on initial verification and subsequent verification, and on in-service inspection carried out by legal metrology institutes or users: test occasions, test objects, test functions, test purposes, test proposers and executors, test sites and working conditions, the criteria of durability, and the documents in which the test results should be included.
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Key words:
- weighing instrument /
- durability /
- stability /
- pattern evaluation /
- verify /
- intermediate checks
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表 1 各种计量控制手段下衡器耐久性的特点与区别
Table 1. Comparison of durability test features of weighing instruments under various metrological control means
计量器具控制(法定计量机构实施) (用户实施)使用中(示值)核查 型式评价 首次检定 后续检定 使用中检验(核查) 试验目的 确定能否批准该型式
和合法进入市场测量初始固有误差 测取与初始固有误差
的增差(耐久性误差)测量当前增差是否超
标,确定衡器的检定
周期是否需调整测量当前增差是否超
标,确定是否应向检
定机构申请复核试验作用 评估样机所代表型式
之产品的耐久性能否
被接受,为最初两次
检定的间隔期提供参
考依据验证已型式批准的衡
器安装在使用现场能
否满足预期性能投入
正常使用验证在用衡器在检定
周期届满时能否保持
预期性能,并在校准
后投入下一周期运行验证在用衡器的整个
检定周期内的性能状
态是否适于继续使用跟踪监测在用衡器的
性能变化,确定其是
否能继续使用和调整
核查周期试验对象 新设计或易地转产
型式的衡器样机新安装于现场
的待用衡器检定周期届满后
的在用衡器检定周期内的
在用衡器检定周期内的
在用衡器试验时机 型式评价时的全
性能试验期间现场安装调试后
正式启用前检定周期届满时,
重新校准前、
后各做一次两次检定的间隔
期内不定期进行两次检定的间隔期内
按规定的时间间
隔(核查周期)进行试验提出者 制造商 用户 用户 检定机构(监督抽查)
或用户(申请复核)用户 试验执行者 型式评价机构 检定机构 检定机构 检定机构 用户 试验场所和工作条件 ①实验室内额定工作
条件下的常态运行
②实验室内(未超越
极限工作条件的)
高严酷度运行使用现场中,额定工
作条件下的常态运行使用现场中,额定工
作条件下的常态运行使用现场中,额定工
作条件下的常态运行使用现场中,额定工
作条件下的常态运行耐久性判据 工况①不大于型式
评价要求的允差
工况②不大于使用
中要求的允差不大于型式评价
要求的允差①重新校准前不大于使用中要求的允差
②重新校准后不大于型式评价要求的允差不大于使用中要
求的允差不大于使用中
要求的允差检定后与周期届满重新校准前的两次检测结果之差不大于使用中要求允差的绝对值 应载入文件 产品标准型式评价大纲 检定规程 检定规程 检定规程 产品标准检定规程 -
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