Temperature Measurement of Pd-C and Ru-C Cells at NIM
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摘要: 报告了中国计量科学研究院在参与高温固定点热力学温度国际联合研究后对Pd-C和Ru-C两个新高温固定点的研究成果,为Pd-C(1492 ℃)和Ru-C(1953 ℃)设计了两种类型坩埚,可用于校准辐射温度计和高温热电偶。Pd-C和 Ru-C的国际温标值(T90)是由固定点-基准高温计外推测量,热力学温度(T)则利用精密光电高温计LP4测量获得,其中LP4经过带有热力学温度值的Co-C(1324 ℃)、Pt-C(1738 ℃)和Re-C(2474 ℃)内插分度。实验结果表明:Pd-C和Ru-C的T与T90之间的差值分别为0.25 K和0.29 K;Pd-C的T和T90的不确定度分别为0.32 K和0.45 K, Ru-C分别为0.49 K和0.50 K。研究成果不仅为高温固定点的校准推广应用,也为传递热力学温度建立了重要基础。Abstract: The results of the research on two new eutectic fixed point cells, Palladium-Carbon (Pd-C) and Ruthenium-Carbon (Ru-C), conducted by the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) after participating in an international joint study on high-temperature fixed point cells thermodynamic temperatures are reported. Two types of crucibles were designed for Pd-C (1492 °C) and Ru-C (1953 °C), which can be used to calibrate radiation thermometers and high-temperature thermocouples. The International Temperature Scale of 1990 values (T90) of Pd-C and Ru-C are measured extrapolated from a primary standard thermometer, and the thermodynamic temperature (T) is obtained using a precision photoelectric pyrometer LP4 measurement, where LP4 is interpolated and indexed by Co-C (1324 °C), Pt-C (1738 °C) and Re-C (2474 °C) with thermodynamic temperature values. The experimental results show that the differences between T and T90 of Pd-C and Ru-C are 0.25 K and 0.29 K, respectively; the uncertainties of T and T90 of Pd-C are 0.32 K and 0.45 K, and those of Ru-C are 0.49 K and 0.50 K. The results not only promote the application of calibration for high-temperature fixed points, but also establish an important basis for transferring thermodynamic temperature.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- high temperature fixed point /
- radiation thermometry /
- thermodynamic temperature /
- uncertainty /
- crucibles
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表 1 Pd-C和Ru-C坩埚参数
Table 1. Parameters of Pd-C and Ru-C crucibles
HTFP 编号 纯度 金属来源 质量/g 空腔直径/mm Pd-C 0318 99.999% Alfa Aesar 44.59 3 0518 99.999% Alfa Aesar 41.33 7 Ru-C 1601 99.99% Tanaka 39.30 3 1602 99.99% Tanaka 41.04 7 表 2 Pd-C和Ru-C固定点的T90值
Table 2. T90 values of Pd-C and Ru-C fixed point
HTFP 编号 T90/K Pd-C 0318 1764.78 0518 1764.81 Ru-C 1601 2226.59 1602 2226.78 表 3 Pd-C和Ru-C 的T90值不确定度评估/K
Table 3. Uncertainty evaluation of T90 value of Pd-C and Ru-C
不确定度 不确定度来源 Pd-C Ru-C T90复现的不确定度 参考固定点的不确定度 0.034 0.052 参考固定点的测量 0.051 0.032 光谱响应度测量 0.024 0.067 SSE 0.029 0.045 非线性 0.014 0.032 漂移 0.085 0.134 环境条件 0.001 0.003 增益 0.020 0.033 信噪比 0.014 0.007 重复性 0.095 0.112 高温固定点 空腔发射率 0.041 0.069 瞄准法向 0.033 0.045 拐点选取 0.075 0.020 重复性 0.050 0.040 T90不确定度 合成不确定度 0.21 0.25 扩展不确定度(k=2) 0.42 0.50 表 4 中国计量院自制高温固定点的T值与不确定度 /K
Table 4. T value and uncertainty of high temperature fixed point made by NIM
固定点 编号 △T(InK-NIM) T U(k=2) Co-C 5 0.015 1597.38 0.29 Pt-C 5 0.101 2011.33 0.36 Re-C 3 −0.092 2747.93 0.48 表 5 LP4测量Pd-C和Ru-C的T值
Table 5. T value of Pd-C and Ru-C measured by LP4
HTFP 编号 热力学温度值/K 650 nm 800 nm Pd-C 0318 1764.98 1765.03 0518 1765.06 1765.10 Ru-C 1601 2226.91 2226.92 1602 2227.03 2227.07 表 6 Pd-C和Ru-C的热力学温度不确定度评价/K
Table 6. Evaluation of thermodynamic temperature uncertainty of Pd-C and Ru-C
不确定度 不确定度来源 Pd-C Ru-C LP4不确定度 Co-C固定点 0.07 0.03 Pt-C固定点 0.10 0.19 Re-C固定点 0.01 0.04 SSE测量与修正 0.03 0.04 非线性 0.02 0.05 漂移 0.05 0.08 环境条件 0.01 0.01 增益 0.03 0.04 信噪比 0.01 0.01 高温固定点 空腔发射率 0.04 0.07 瞄准法向 0.03 0.04 拐点选取 0.02 0.03 重复性 0.05 0.04 T不确定度 合成不确定度 0.16 0.245 扩展不确定度(k=2) 0.32 0.49 表 7 中国计量院自制固定点T、T90值以及T - T90值/K
Table 7. The fixed point T, T90 value and T-T90 of NIM
HTFP No. T T90 T - T90 Cu 01 1357.80 1357.73 0.07 Co-C 5 1597.38 1597.19 0.19 Pd-C 0318 1765.01 1764.78 0.23 0518 1765.08 1764.81 0.27 Pt-C 5 2011.33 2011.12 0.21 Ru-C 1601 2226.92 2226.59 0.33 1602 2227.05 2226.78 0.27 Re-C 3 2747.93 2747.32 0.61 -
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