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Research on Dead-Path Measurement in Interferometer System of Joule Balance
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摘要: 闲区误差是激光干涉测量系统中一项重要的误差来源，但闲区长度难以准确测量。能量天平是我国溯源至普朗克常数的质量测量装置，在该装置中激光干涉测量系统用于对悬挂线圈和激励磁体的相对位移进行测量，但较长的光学闲区影响了能量天平装置在空气环境工作时的位移测量准确性。针对上述问题，本文提出了基于真空空气光程差测量的光学闲区长度测量方法，该方法利用真空系统改变测量光路所在的气压，测量由空气折射率变化引入的光程差，进而计算激励干涉光路与悬挂线圈干涉光路之间光学闲区的长度。该方法可以将光学闲区长度测量不确定度由毫米量级缩小至微米量级。另外，本文利用光学闲区长度表征的绝对距离，对能量天平激励磁体和悬挂线圈的竖直方向初始相对位置进行了测量，以确定二者竖直方向的相对零位。Abstract: Optical dead-path is a major error source in the laser interferometer, which, however, is hard to be accurately measured. Joule balance is a mass measurement apparatus traceable to the Planck constant, in which the laser interferometer is used to measure the relative displacement between the suspended coil and the exciting magnet, while the optical dead-path in the interferometer is so large that displacement measurement in the air has been adversely affected. Given this problem, this paper discussed an optical dead-path measurement method based on the optical path difference measurement between the vacuum and non-vacuum environment. This method uses a vacuum system to change the air pressure where the measurement optical path is located, and measures the optical range difference introduced by the change of the refractive index of air, and then calculates the length of the optical dead-path between the excitation interferometric path and the suspension coil interferometric path. The method can reduce the optical dead-path measurement uncertainty from millimeter to micron scale. In addition, by using the dead-path as the absolute distance, this paper discussed the vertical relative position measurement between the suspended coil and the exciting magnet, so that the relative zero position is measured.
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Key words:
- optical dead-path /
- laser interferometer /
- joule balance /
- kilogram /
- metrology
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图 5 真空/空气环境光程差测量实验结果
Figure 5. Optical path difference between vacuum and atmosphere environment
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