Abstract: Carbonaceous aerosols have a significant impact on climate change and environmental pollution. The accurate measurement of carbonaceous aerosols can effectively reduce the uncertainty of aerosol radiative forcing estimation and atmospheric source apportionment, and further provide scientific support for government control policies to address climate change and reduction of source emission. This paper reviews the measurement methods and influencing factors of carbonaceous aerosols at home and abroad, focuses on the research progress and limitations of existing standard protocols and reference materials, and points out the gaps and needs in the development of carbonaceous aerosol reference materials. On this basis, this paper further proposes future research directions and difficulties from various aspects, including the traceability of reference materials, the selection of representative species of organic carbon and elemental carbon, the configuration of OC/EC mixed reference materials, and the impact of carbonate carbon, which provide references for the in-depth research of carbonaceous aerosol reference materials.