Research Progress on Error Factors and Technology of Ultrasonic Flow Meters
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摘要: 超声波流量计在测量流量上表现出高精度和瞬时测量的优势,具有显著的应用潜力,对于油气安全存储、低损耗运输和公平结算有着重要意义。针对时差法、频率法、互相关法和多普勒法4种流量计算原理方法,分析了高精度超声波流量计工作机理,并从湍流特质、仪表结构和环境因素3个角度揭示流速和温度对流量测量精度的影响,探讨了仪表几何形状变化对流速场干扰,综述了超声波流量计误差因素和减小误差技术办法,为高精度流量计技术创新提供思路指导。Abstract: Ultrasonic flow meters demonstrate high precision and instantaneous measurement capabilities in flow measurement, showing significant application potential. They are of great importance for safe oil and gas storage, low-loss transportation, and fair settlement. This paper analyzes the working mechanism of high-precision ultrasonic flow meters based on four flow calculation principles: time difference method, frequency method, cross-correlation method, and Doppler method. The influence of flow velocity and temperature on flow measurement accuracy is revealed from three perspectives: turbulence characteristics, instrument structure, and environmental factors. The interference of meter geometry changes on the flow velocity field is also discussed. This paper summarizes the error factors of ultrasonic flow meters and the technical methods to reduce errors, providing ideas and guidance for the innovation of high-precision flow meter technology through research and prospect.
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Key words:
- metrology /
- ultrasonic waves /
- flow meters /
- errors
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图 2 多声道布置结构外视图[14]
Figure 2. Exterior view of multi-channel structure
图 6 超声脉冲的产生[26]
Figure 6. Generation of ultrasound pulses
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