Evaluation of an Online Monitoring System for Atmospheric Heavy Metal
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摘要: 大气中重金属污染对人体健康伤害大,其防治越来越被关注。基于X射线荧光光谱分析法(XRF)并结合滤膜采样技术的大气重金属在线监测系统,能够同时在线测量大气颗粒物中几十种重金属元素,测量效率高,在环保大气监测领域具有重要应用前景。但目前国内缺乏该类设备相关计量规程规范或标准,依据中环协认证规则,利用标准膜片对国内某公司生产的AHMA-1000型大气重金属在线监测系统的关键性能进行检测,并通过搭建颗粒物气溶胶发生装置,能发生稳定浓度的金属元素颗粒物气溶胶,从而实现了与实际样品的比对检测,为广大计量工作者和环保用户提供有益的参考。Abstract: The pollution of heavy metal in the atmosphere has been attracting more attention due to its harm to human's health. Online monitoring systems for atmospheric heavy metal based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and the filter membrane sampling technique are available in the market. They have high measurement efficiency by measuring dozens of heavy metal elements simultaneously and hence have good prospects for application in environmental atmospheric monitoring. However, there is lack of verifications or specifications or standards for measurement of those systems in China. An online monitoring system (AHMA-1000) was tested according to the certification rules established by the China Association of Environmental Protection Industry. A comparison test on actual samples was made by setting up a particulate aerosol generator that generated metal elements particulate aerosol of stable concentrations.
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Key words:
- atmosphere /
- particulate matter /
- heavy metal /
- online monitoring /
- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
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表 1 重金属标准膜片信息
Table 1. Information on standard sheets of heavy metal
重金属 标准值(单位:μg/cm2) 不确定度 Zn 0.58/1.65/7.4 MPE:±5% Pb 1.7/5.7/19.5 MPE:±5% Cr 1.5/3.6/20.5 MPE:±5% 表 2 AHMA-1000型大气重金属在线监测仪检出限
Table 2. Detection limits of the AHMA-1000 online monitor for atmospheric heavy metal
测量次数 元素测量值(ng/m3) Zn Pb Cr 1 16.9358 10.563 0.8737 2 14.7017 1.6907 0.4945 3 13.0410 2.3445 0.7849 4 13.4665 2.2568 0.0000 5 12.7946 2.1201 0.4653 6 12.7906 2.0533 0.3648 7 12.9122 2.8602 0.6885 8 12.2871 2.2621 0.4219 9 12.4774 2.9275 0.6348 10 12.4648 1.5365 0.6764 11 12.6452 2.0899 0.4781 检出限(ng/m3) 4.1100 7.6542 0.7152 表 3 AHMA-1000型大气重金属在线监测仪示值误差
Table 3. Indication error of the AHMA- 1000 online monitor for atmospheric heavy metal
元素 标准值(μg/cm2) 平均值(μg/cm2) 示值误差 合成标准不确定度(Urel) Pb 1.7 1.7223 0.0% 5.3% 5.7 5.6452 −1.5% 5.1% 19.5 19.5535 0.2% 5.0% Cr 1.5 1.5704 3.6% 7.1% 3.6 3.7632 3.3% 5.3% 20.5 20.7014 0.8% 5.0% Zn 0.58 0.5914 6.3% 5.0% 1.65 1.8307 8.1% 7.1% 7.4 7.4981 1.0% 5.0% 表 4 AHMA-1000型大气重金属在线监测仪重复性
Table 4. Repeatability of the AHMA- 1000 online monitor for atmospheric heavy metal
元素 测量值 重复性 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zn 1.6873 1.7091 1.7319 1.7352 1.7389 1.7584 1.4% Pb 5.5571 5.6185 5.6924 5.7935 5.8369 5.9335 2.5% Cr 3.6276 3.647 3.6763 3.713 3.7985 3.8491 2.4% 表 5 AHMA-1000型大气重金属在线监测仪稳定性
Table 5. Stability analysis of the AHMA- 1000 online monitor for atmospheric heavy metal
小时 空白膜(Pb)(μg/cm2) 80%Pb (μg/cm2) 小时 空白膜(Pb)(μg/cm2) 80%Pb (μg/cm2) 小时 空白膜(Pb)(μg/cm2) 80%Pb (μg/cm2) 1 2.5363 19.7070 9 2.9275 19.5855 17 2.6865 19.8109 2 1.6907 19.9732 10 2.5365 20.0526 18 2.4986 19.7859 3 2.3445 19.6163 11 2.0899 19.9648 19 2.6988 19.7375 4 2.2568 19.6657 12 2.6536 19.8226 20 2.3848 19.7837 5 2.1201 19.7554 13 2.3763 19.7910 21 2.4356 19.7625 6 2.0533 19.6020 14 2.4081 19.7784 22 2.3785 19.8229 7 2.8602 19.8575 15 2.4119 19.7587 23 2.5138 19.8321 8 2.2621 19.6744 16 2.4843 19.7783 24 2.6344 19.7860 空白稳定性 3.4% 80%Pb稳定性 1.4% 表 6 AHMA-1000型大气重金属在线监测仪与实际样品比对结果
Table 6. Comparison results of the AHMA- 1000 online monitor for atmospheric heavy metal on actual samples
元素 参比方法平均值
(标准值)(μg/m3)测量值(μg/m3) 平均值(μg/m3) 示值误差 合成标准不
确定度(Urel)1 2 3 4 Zn 280.644 225.930 234.506 226.512 252.135 234.771 −16.3% 7.3% -
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