远程时间传递与溯源方法、装置及体系

梁坤; 方维; 顾杨义; 陈德好; 郝爽雨; 杨志强; 方占军; 张爱敏

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01

远程时间传递与溯源方法、装置及体系

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-9015.2021.04.01

1.
中国计量科学研究院，北京 100029
2.
中国计量大学，杭州 310018
3.
北京交通大学，北京 100044

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFF0212000)；国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技计划项目(2015QK221)

详细信息

作者简介:
梁坤（1980-），中国计量科学研究院研究员，研究方向：守时、时间频率传递、远程时间校准及溯源，邮箱：liangk@nim.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-15

Remote Time Transfer and Traceability Method, Device and System

1.
National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
2.
China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
3.
Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

摘要

摘要:
为解决法定时间量值的远程传递问题，填补可溯源的时间标准及时间计量器具的空白，研究了远程时间溯源方法，参考原子时标国家计量基准（UTC(NIM)），利用GNSS时间频率传递方法，通过驯服铷原子钟、铯原子钟和氢原子钟，研制了远程时间溯源装置NIMDO，基于装置初步构建了远程时间溯源体系。通过多种实验验证，装置在远程端实现了一个高性能的时标，实时与UTC(NIM)驯服同步，相当于在远程端以一定的时间和频率偏差复现了UTC(NIM)，超过90%的时间NIMDO与UTC(NIM)的时间偏差优于±10 ns、频率偏差优于±1×10⁻¹³，在87%以上的情况时间偏差保持在±5 ns内。
- 时间频率计量 /
- 守时 /
- 时间频率传递 /
- GNSS时间频率传递 /
- 驯服 /
- 时标 /
- 远程时间溯源 /
- 溯源体系
Abstract:
To solve the problem of remote transmission of legal time measurements and fill the gap of traceable time standards and time-measuring instruments, the remote time traceability method was studied, and the remote time traceability device NIMDO was developed by disciplining rubidium, cesium, and hydrogen atomic clocks with reference to the atomic time national primary standard (UTC(NIM)) and using the GNSS time and frequency transfer method, and a remote time traceability system was preliminarily constructed based on the device. Through various experimental verifications, the device achieves a high-performance time scale at the remote end and synchronizes with UTC(NIM) in real-time, which is equivalent to reproducing UTC(NIM) at the remote end with a certain time and frequency deviations, and the time deviation of NIMDO from UTC(NIM) is better than ±10 ns and frequency deviation is better than ±1×10⁻¹³ in over 90% of the time, and the time deviation stays within ±5 ns in more than 87% of the cases.
- time and frequency metrology /
- timekeeping /
- time and frequency transfer /
- GNSS time and frequency transfer /
- discipline /
- time scale /
- remote time traceability /
- traceability system

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图 1 GNSS时间频率传递原理图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of GNSS time and frequency transfer

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图 2 NIMDO组成和原理图

Figure 2. Components and schematic diagram of NIMDO

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图 3 NIMDO外观

Figure 3. The appearance of NIMDO

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图 4 昌平院区NIMDO的本地时差

Figure 4. Local time differences of NIMDO at Changping campus

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图 5 NIMDO与铯钟的频率稳定度比较

Figure 5. Comparison of frequency stability between NIMDO and Caesium 5071A

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图 6 和平里院区NIMDO的日平均时间偏差

Figure 6. Daily mean time deviation of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

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图 7 和平里院区NIMDO的日平均频率偏差

Figure 7. Daily mean frequency deviation of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

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图 8 和平里院区NIMDO的时间稳定度

Figure 8. Time stability of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

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图 9 和平里院区NIMDO的频率稳定度

Figure 9. Frequency stability of NIMDO at NIM Hepingli campus

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图 10 长基线NIMDO的时间偏差

Figure 10. Time deviation of NIMDOs over longer baselines

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图 11 长基线NIMDO的频率偏差

Figure 11. Frequency deviation of NIMDOs over longer baselines

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图 12 长基线NIMDO的时间稳定度

Figure 12. Time stability of NIMDOs over longer baselines

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图 13 长基线NIMDO的频率稳定度

Figure 13. Frequency stability of NIMDOs over longer baselines

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图 14 铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的时差值

Figure 14. Time differences of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

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图 15 铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的频差值

Figure 15. Frequency differences of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

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图 16 铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的频率稳定度

Figure 16. Frequency stability of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

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图 17 铷钟、铯钟和氢钟NIMDO经由GPS和BDS测量的时间稳定度

Figure 17. Time stability of NIMDOs with Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser via BDS and GPS

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图 18 各远程站分布图

Figure 18. Distribution map of remote stations

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图 19 远程站与UTC(NIM)的溯源时差结果（16分钟间隔）

Figure 19. Traceability time differences between the remote stations and UTC (NIM) (16-min interval)

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图 20 远程站与UTC(NIM)的溯源频差结果（一天间隔）

Figure 20. Traceability frequency differences between the remote stations and UTC (NIM) (one day interval)

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表 1 长基线NIMDO时间偏差统计

Table 1. Time deviation statistics of NIMDOs over longer baselines

NIMDO代码	观测点数	0<\|**\|<5 ns	5 ns<\|**\|<10 ns	\|**\|>10 ns
TS15	17192	16126	1066	0
TS15	17192	（93.80%）	（6.20%）	（0.00%）
TS17	16447	16108	339	0
TS17	16447	（97.94%）	（2.06%）	（0.00%）
TS23	15976	15522	454	0
TS23	15976	（97.16%）	（2.84%）	（0.00%）
TS24	16937	16091	846	0
TS24	16937	（95.01%）	（4.99%）	（0.00%）
TS26	17180	16878	302	0
TS26	17180	（98.24%）	（1.76%）	（0.00%）

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表 2 长基线NIMDO频率偏差（一天间隔）统计

Table 2. Frequency deviation statistics of NIMDOs over longer baselines

NIMDO代码	观测点数	0<\|**\|<5$ \times {10}^{-14} $	5$ \times {10}^{-14} $<\|**\| <1$ \times {10}^{-13} $	1$ \times {10}^{-13} $<\|**\| <2$ \times {10}^{-13} $	\|**\|>2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
TS15	201	166	29	6	0
TS15	201	(82.59%)	(14.43%)	(2.99%)	(0.00%)
TS17	189	164	23	1	1
TS17	189	(86.77%)	(12.17%)	(0.53%)	(0.53%)
TS23	189	158	26	3	2
TS23	189	(83.60%)	(13.76%)	(1.59%)	(1.06%)
TS24	198	171	23	1	3
TS24	198	(86.36%)	(11.62%)	(0.51%)	(1.52%)
TS26	199	177	20	2	0
TS26	199	(88.94%)	(10.05%)	(1.01%)	(0.00%)

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表 3 实验中使用的接收机

Table 3. Receiver employed in the experiments

接收机代码	型号	时间频率参考	GNSS系统
IM07	NIM-TF-GNSS-2J	铯钟(Cs clock) /铷钟(Rb clock)	GPS
TF07	NIM-TF-GNSS-3	铯钟(Cs clock)	BDS和GPS
IM13	NIM-TF-GNSS-3	氢钟(H-maser)	BDS和GPS
IM14	NIM-TF-GNSS-3	铯钟(Cs clock)	BDS和GPS

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表 4 铷钟、铯钟和氢钟时差测量值统计

Table 4. Time difference statistics of Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser

NIMDO类型	观测量	0<\|**\| <5 ns	5 ns<\|**\| <10 ns	10 ns<\|**\| <15 ns	15 ns<\|**\| <20 ns	\|**\|>20 ns
IM07 GPS Cs	29523	28549	974	0	0	0
		94.89%	5.11%	0	0	0
IM07 GPS Rb	4449	4100	349	0	0	0
		91.94%	8.06%	0	0	0
IM13 GPS H	19462	18929	533	0	0	0
		97.27%	2.73%	0	0	0
IM13 BDS H	13622	13179	440	3	0	0
		96.75%	3.23%	0.2%	0	0
TF07 BDS Cs	7771	7253	518	0	0	0
		93.33%	6.67%	0	0	0
IM14 BDS Cs	10392	9478	914	0	0	0
		91.28%	8.72%	0	0	0

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表 5 铷钟、铯钟和氢钟频差（一天间隔）测量值统计

Table 5. Frequency difference (one day interval) statistics of Rudium, Caesium, and H-maser

NIMDO类型	观测量	0<\|**\|<5$ \times {10}^{-14} $	5$ \times {10}^{-14} $<\|**\|<1$ \times {10}^{-13} $	1$ \times {10}^{-13} $<\|**\|<2$ \times {10}^{-13} $	\|**\|>2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
IM07 GPS Cs	331	287	44	0	0
		86.71%	13.29%	0	0
IM07 GPS Rb	55	36	16	3	0
		65.45%	29.09%	5.46%	0
IM13 GPS H	235	192	40	3	0
		81.04%	17.65%	1.31%	0
IM13 BDS H	153	124	22	7	0
		81.06%	14.38%	4.6%	0
TF07 BDS Cs	88	67	15	6	0
		76.14%	23.86%	0	0
IM14 BDS Cs	116	94	20	2	0
		81.18%	16.95%	1.87%	0

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表 6 远程站与UTC(NIM)时差数据统计

Table 6. Time difference statistics between the remote stations and UTC (NIM)

远程站	观测点数	0<\|**\| <5 ns	5 ns<\|**\| <10 ns	10 ns<\|**\| <15 ns	15 ns<\|**\| <20 ns	\|**\|>20 ns
IM04	123591	108764	10234	205	1074	3314
		88.00%	8.28%	0.17%	0.87%	2.68%
IM08	122621	111760	8631	467	987	776
		91.14%	7.04%	0.38%	0.80%	0.63%
IM10	123986	114884	6485	588	999	1030
		92.66%	5.23%	0.47%	0.81%	0.83%
TS15	56536	53580	1469	391	10	1086
		94.77%	2.60%	0.69%	0.02%	1.92%
TS17	33932	30399	2043	390	4	1096
		89.59%	6.02%	1.15%	0.01%	3.23%
TS18	13590	11591	1304	30	662	3
		85.29%	9.60%	0.22%	4.87%	0.02%
TS19	45231	39496	5713	0	22	0
		87.32%	12.63%	0.00%	0.05%	0.00%
TS20	30206	27060	491	683	3	1969
		89.58%	1.63%	2.26%	0.01%	6.52%
TS21	32348	29953	903	421	4	1067
		92.60%	2.79%	1.30%	0.01%	3.30%
TS22	26652	24741	421	370	2	1118
		92.83%	1.58%	1.39%	0.01%	4.19%
TS23	46963	44581	892	370	2	1118
		94.93%	1.90%	0.79%	0.00%	2.38%
TS24	29402	26124	1788	431	26	1033
		88.85%	6.08%	1.47%	0.09%	3.51%
TS26	30173	27408	1274	463	3	1025
		90.84%	4.22%	1.53%	0.01%	3.40%
TS27	23716	21195	845	448	135	1093
		89.37%	3.56%	1.89%	0.57%	4.61%

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表 7 远程站与UTC(NIM)频差（一天间隔）数据统计

Table 7. Frequency differences (one day interval) statistics between the remote stations and UTC (NIM)

远程站	观测点数	0<\|**\|<5$ \times {10}^{-14} $	5$ \times {10}^{-14} $<\|**\| <1$ \times {10}^{-13} $	1$ \times {10}^{-13} $<\|**\| <2$ \times {10}^{-13} $	\|**\|>2$ \times {10}^{-13} $
IM04	1445	966	348	98	33
		66.85%	24.08%	6.78%	2.28%
IM08	1337	958	258	82	39
		71.65%	19.30%	6.13%	2.92%
IM10	1431	1029	297	82	23
		71.91%	20.75%	5.73%	1.61%
TS15	662	558	86	13	5
		84.29%	12.99%	1.96%	0.76%
TS17	393	316	57	14	6
		80.41%	14.50%	3.56%	1.53%
TS18	159	126	24	7	2
		79.25%	15.09%	4.40%	1.26%
TS19	536	380	109	42	5
		70.90%	20.34%	7.84%	0.93%
TS20	351	305	35	9	2
		86.89%	9.97%	2.56%	0.57%
TS21	380	324	41	10	5
		85.26%	10.79%	2.63%	1.32%
TS22	314	268	34	7	5
		85.35%	10.83%	2.23%	1.59%
TS23	549	463	75	8	3
		84.34%	13.66%	1.46%	0.55%
TS24	342	281	54	5	2
		82.16%	15.79%	1.46%	0.58%
TS26	350	295	45	7	3
		84.29%	12.86%	2.00%	0.86%
TS27	274	219	39	9	7
		79.93%	14.23%	3.28%	2.55%

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