An Initial Exploration of Survivorship Bias in Verification of Build-up Force Standard Machines

The paper introduces the characteristics and verification of build-up force standard machines (BMs). Differences between verification and actual working conditions for BMs were analyzed. To deal with the inconsistency under different conditions, a new concept, Verification Survivorship Bias (VSB), was proposed for the first time. An experimental method for BM VSB was developed. The new concept can be used to explore BM characteristics and explain some problems discovered. This work can shed light on manufacturing, verification, use, and evaluation of BMs.