Advancements and Future Perspectives in Transgenic Protein Detection Technology

Transgenic technology significantly contributes to enhancing crop yields, mitigating environmental pollution, and addressing food shortages. Central to this technology, transgenic protein assays, which directly detect expression products, facilitate rapid on-site testing and are crucial in transgenic safety regulation. This article delves into the cultivation of transgenic crops, outlines detection standards, and highlights the superiority of transgenic protein detection over nucleic acid assays. It comprehensively reviews the principles, merits, drawbacks, and applications of prevalent transgenic protein detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunoassay, immunoblotting, test strip methods, mass spectrometry, biosensors, protein arrays, and immuno-PCR. Additionally, the article projects future trends in transgenic protein detection, exploring prospects for rapid, portable, high-throughput, multi-target detection, advanced signal amplification, ultra-sensitive single-molecule detection, and integrated, fully-automated systems. This work offers valuable insights into the current state and future directions of transgenic protein detection technology, serving as a key reference for the development of detection standards in this field.